Principales causas de mortalidad en neonatos y sus medidas preventivas, en el Hospital Provincial General Latacunga año 2010
Fecha
2011-06-25
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
El conocimiento acerca de las causas de mortalidad neonatal, es importante para brindar una atención de calidad al recién nacido, además nos permite conocer el estado de desarrollo socio-económico de un país, provincia o cantón en el que se encuentra inmersa la Provincia de Cotopaxi, en donde la mortalidad de los neonatos está determinada por una variedad de enfermedades, las cuales están ligadas directamente a factores maternos - fetales, etc. El estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar las principales causas de mortalidad en neonatos del Hospital Provincial General Latacunga, en el período enero 2005 a diciembre 2009. La muestra determinada fueron 89 defunciones de un total de 9.989 nacidos vivos, a través de variables maternas y del recién nacido. La mortalidad estudiada abarcó a todos los neonatos fallecidos que ingresaron a la sala de neonatología cuyos datos fueron obtenidos de la revisión de registros médicos de defunción e historias clínicas. En el estudio se obtuvo como resultados una mayor incidencia la muerte de neonatos de mujeres en edad comprendida de 20 a 29 años, representado por el 70% y en madres de baja escolaridad 58% encontramos un promedio del 48%, de las madres de los neonatos fallecidos con controles prenatales menos de cinco. Parto en domicilio 18%, expulsivo prolongado 13%, según el tipo de parto se evidenció un predominio del 72% de partos vaginales. La pimera causa de muerte en este período fue la dificultad respiratoria representada por el 39%, seguida por la asfixia neonatal 31%, en tercer lugar la sepsis neonatal caracterizada por el 24%, y las malformaciones congénitas 6%. Predominó la edad gestacional menores de 36 semanas 70%, peso del recién nacido menos de 2500gr. 63%
Knowledge about the causes of neonatal mortality, it is important to provide quality care to the newborn, also allows us to know the state of socio-economic development of a country, city or county in which is immersed the Cotopaxi Province , where neonatal mortality is determined by a variety of diseases, which are directly linked to maternal factors - fetal etc. This descriptive study was retrospective and longitudinal study in order to characterize the main causes of death in infants in the Provincial General Hospital Latacunga, in the period January 2005 to December 2009. The given sample were 89 deaths out of a total of 9,989 live births by maternal variables and newborn. Studied mortality included all deceased infants admitted to the nursery whose data were obtained from review of medical death records and medical records. The study results are obtained as a higher incidence of neonatal death in women aged 20 to 29 years, represented by 70% and in mothers with low schooling 58% found an average of 48% of the mothers of the neonates with prenatal deaths under five. Childbirth at home 18%, 13% prolonged second stage, according to the type of delivery evidenced a prevalence of 72% of vaginal births. The first political cause of death in this period was represented by breathlessness 39%, followed by asphyxia 31%, third neonatal sepsis characterized by 24%, and 6% congenital malformations. Predominated gestational age under 36 weeks 70%, birth weight less than 2500gr. 63%
Knowledge about the causes of neonatal mortality, it is important to provide quality care to the newborn, also allows us to know the state of socio-economic development of a country, city or county in which is immersed the Cotopaxi Province , where neonatal mortality is determined by a variety of diseases, which are directly linked to maternal factors - fetal etc. This descriptive study was retrospective and longitudinal study in order to characterize the main causes of death in infants in the Provincial General Hospital Latacunga, in the period January 2005 to December 2009. The given sample were 89 deaths out of a total of 9,989 live births by maternal variables and newborn. Studied mortality included all deceased infants admitted to the nursery whose data were obtained from review of medical death records and medical records. The study results are obtained as a higher incidence of neonatal death in women aged 20 to 29 years, represented by 70% and in mothers with low schooling 58% found an average of 48% of the mothers of the neonates with prenatal deaths under five. Childbirth at home 18%, 13% prolonged second stage, according to the type of delivery evidenced a prevalence of 72% of vaginal births. The first political cause of death in this period was represented by breathlessness 39%, followed by asphyxia 31%, third neonatal sepsis characterized by 24%, and 6% congenital malformations. Predominated gestational age under 36 weeks 70%, birth weight less than 2500gr. 63%
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Mortalidad infantil, Asfixia neonatal, Sepsis neonatal, Anomalías congénitas, Medicina preventiva, Hospital General Latacunga, Cantón Latacunga, Ecuador, Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido, Recién nacido