Riesgo de mortalidad materna en embarazadas en el cantón Saquisilí 2004-2008
Fecha
2011-07-16
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
Las complicaciones durante el embarazo y post parto ocupan un lugar importante como causa de muerte materna y el Ecuador al igual que el resto de países latinoamericanos con algunas excepciones tienen una baja cobertura en la atención del postparto durante el evento obstétrico. Muchas de las complicaciones producidas en los partos domiciliarios llegan tarde o no llegan a los centros de atención, haciendo que esta causa de muerte esté directamente ligada a la deficiente calidad de atención en el embarazo parto y post-parto inmediato en las instituciones de salud. Según la OPS, la mortalidad materna representa un grave problema de salud, sus causas son evitables si se actúa con la debida oportunidad. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo y longitudinal sobre el riesgo de mortalidad materna en embarazadas en el período de Enero del 2004 a Diciembre del 2008 en el Centro Materno Infantil Saquisilí. En donde se investigó 150 casos a través de variables maternas, con el objetivo de caracterizar y analizar las principales causas de riesgo de la morbilidad y mortalidad materna. Este estudio abarcó a todas las madres que ingresaron a esta casa de salud, cuyos datos fueron obtenidos de la revisión de las Historias Clínicas y registros médicos de defunción. En nuestro estudio se obtuvo como resultados. Un predominio del grupo de edad de 20 a 29 años 67%, baja escolaridad 70%, menos de cinco controles prenatales 41%.La principal causa de morbilidad materna fue la hemorragia postparto con 13 % seguida por el aborto incompleto 4%. En nuestro estudio se evidenció como resultado 8 muertes maternas que representa el 5%, en las que predominó el grupo de edad mayor de 30 años con el 38%, las principales causas de muerte materna en este periodo fueron la hemorragia postparto caracterizado por el 38%, seguida por las Infecciones del postparto 37%,y eclampsia 25%.Llama la atención el 50% de muerte institucional equilibrándose con el 50% de muerte domiciliaria.
Complications during pregnancy and postpartum have an important place as a cause of maternal death and Ecuador as well as other Latin American countries with some exceptions have low coverage of postpartum care during obstetric event. Many of the complications in home births are late or fail to care centers, making this cause of death is directly linked to the poor quality of care in pregnancy childbirth and immediate postpartum health institutions. According to PAHO, maternal mortality is a serious health problem, its causes are avoidable if you act in due time. We performed a descriptive retrospective longitudinal study on the risk of maternal mortality in pregnant women in the period January 2004 to December 2008 in the Mother and Child Center Saquisilí. Where we investigated 150 cases through maternal variables, in order to characterize and analyze the main causes of risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study included all mothers who entered the house of health, whose data were obtained from review of medical records and medical histories of death. In our study we obtained as results. A predominance of the age group 20 to 29 years 67%, 70% low education, less than five prenatal visits 41%. The main cause of maternal morbidity was postpartum hemorrhage with 13% followed by 4% incomplete abortion. In our study showed eight maternal deaths result representing 5%, which dominated the age group older than 30 years with 38%, the main causes of maternal death in this period were characterized postpartum hemorrhage by 38 %, followed by postpartum infections 37% and 25% eclampsia. striking 50% of balancing institutional death with 50% of home death.
Complications during pregnancy and postpartum have an important place as a cause of maternal death and Ecuador as well as other Latin American countries with some exceptions have low coverage of postpartum care during obstetric event. Many of the complications in home births are late or fail to care centers, making this cause of death is directly linked to the poor quality of care in pregnancy childbirth and immediate postpartum health institutions. According to PAHO, maternal mortality is a serious health problem, its causes are avoidable if you act in due time. We performed a descriptive retrospective longitudinal study on the risk of maternal mortality in pregnant women in the period January 2004 to December 2008 in the Mother and Child Center Saquisilí. Where we investigated 150 cases through maternal variables, in order to characterize and analyze the main causes of risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study included all mothers who entered the house of health, whose data were obtained from review of medical records and medical histories of death. In our study we obtained as results. A predominance of the age group 20 to 29 years 67%, 70% low education, less than five prenatal visits 41%. The main cause of maternal morbidity was postpartum hemorrhage with 13% followed by 4% incomplete abortion. In our study showed eight maternal deaths result representing 5%, which dominated the age group older than 30 years with 38%, the main causes of maternal death in this period were characterized postpartum hemorrhage by 38 %, followed by postpartum infections 37% and 25% eclampsia. striking 50% of balancing institutional death with 50% of home death.
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Embarazo, Mortalidad materna, Hemorragia uterina, Aborto, Infección puerperal, Centro Materno Infantil Saquisilí, Cantón Saquisilí, Ecuador