Aplicación de un protocolo de manejo de intoxicaciones agudas por plaguicidas. Area de Emergencias del Hospital del Niño Francisco Icaza Bustamante, 2010
Fecha
2012
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Resumen
El uso de los plaguicidas ha producido grandes beneficios agrícolas y, a la vez, graves problemas de salud pública que requieren solución. Esta tesis tiene como finalidad evaluar el cumplimiento de la aplicación de un protocolo de atención médica con plaguicidas para una disminución de la morbi- mortalidad, así como determinar la prevalencia de intoxicaciones por plaguicidas y datos de filiación de los pacientes, además se identificarán los plaguicidas más frecuentes, y las causas de intoxicaciones, registrar la atención médica de estos pacientes, verificando la aplicación del protocolo existente en la Institución. Este trabajo se realizó en el Área de Emergencias del Hospital Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Unidad Pediátrica de Especialidades Centro de Referencia de la Región Costa del Ecuador. Los datos se recolectaron de las historias clínicas del Área de Emergencias de los pacientes que ingresaron con síntomas de intoxicación de plaguicidas entrando a recibir atención según el protocolo. La información se recopiló en Microsoft Excel y el análisis estadístico se lo realizó en el programa estadístico SPSS 17 en donde se obtuvieron cuadros y gráficos. La investigación fue retrospectiva, descriptiva, transversal con un diseño no experimental. La mayor cantidad de pacientes fueron menores de 1 año (40,8%), no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el sexo y siendo los de la zona rural el 45,9%. El 20,4% de los pacientes estaban cerca de zonas de fumigación, el 2% indicó el producto por el cual fueron intoxicados, mientras que un 4% desconocían los efectos de estas sustancias tóxicas. El 32,7% de las intoxicaciones al ingreso fueron por carbamato, 44,9% cumarínicos. El mayor grupo al que pertenecen las sustancias encontradas fueron los raticidas 44%, El 46,9% de la ingesta fue accidental el 20,4% por mal almacenamiento, el 7,4% suicidio y el 16% por fumigación. El 76% de los pacientes evolucionó de manera estable y el 9,2% de los pacientes fueron ingresados en UCI. El 18,4% presentaron complicaciones. El carbón activado se usó en el 43,8 % de los pacientes. El tratamiento indicado para órganos fosforados se administró en el 33% de los pacientes, mientas que para peretroides sólo el 20%
The use of pesticides has produced great agricultural benefits and, at the same time, serious public health problems that require resolution. This thesis aims to assess compliance with the application of a medical protocol with pesticides to a decrease in morbidity and mortality, and to determine the prevalence of pesticide poisoning and affiliation data of patients, and will identify the pesticides more frequent, and causes of poisoning, medical record of these patients, verifying the existing protocol implementation in the institution. This work was performed at the Hospital Emergency Area Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Pediatric Specialty Unit Reference Center Coast Region of Ecuador. Data were collected from medical records of the Department of Emergency patients admitted with symptoms of pesticide poisoning going to receive care according to protocol. The information was compiled in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 17 where tables and graphs were obtained. The study was retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional non-experimental design. Most patients were younger than 1 year (40.8%), no significant differences were found between sex and being rural area 45.9%. The 20.4% of patients were near spraying areas, 2% said the product for which they were intoxicated, while 4% were unaware of the effects of these toxic substances. 32.7% of poisonings were carbamate income, 44.9% coumarin. The largest group they belong to the substances found were rodenticides 44%, 46.9% accidental intake was 20.4% by poor storage, 7.4% and 16% suicide by fumigation. 76% of the patients developed stably and 9.2% of patients were admitted to the ICU. 18.4% had complications. Activated charcoal was used in 43.8% of patients. Treatment followed Organophosphorate was administered in 33% of patients that lie only 20% peretroides
The use of pesticides has produced great agricultural benefits and, at the same time, serious public health problems that require resolution. This thesis aims to assess compliance with the application of a medical protocol with pesticides to a decrease in morbidity and mortality, and to determine the prevalence of pesticide poisoning and affiliation data of patients, and will identify the pesticides more frequent, and causes of poisoning, medical record of these patients, verifying the existing protocol implementation in the institution. This work was performed at the Hospital Emergency Area Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Pediatric Specialty Unit Reference Center Coast Region of Ecuador. Data were collected from medical records of the Department of Emergency patients admitted with symptoms of pesticide poisoning going to receive care according to protocol. The information was compiled in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 17 where tables and graphs were obtained. The study was retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional non-experimental design. Most patients were younger than 1 year (40.8%), no significant differences were found between sex and being rural area 45.9%. The 20.4% of patients were near spraying areas, 2% said the product for which they were intoxicated, while 4% were unaware of the effects of these toxic substances. 32.7% of poisonings were carbamate income, 44.9% coumarin. The largest group they belong to the substances found were rodenticides 44%, 46.9% accidental intake was 20.4% by poor storage, 7.4% and 16% suicide by fumigation. 76% of the patients developed stably and 9.2% of patients were admitted to the ICU. 18.4% had complications. Activated charcoal was used in 43.8% of patients. Treatment followed Organophosphorate was administered in 33% of patients that lie only 20% peretroides
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Palabras clave
Protocolos, Envenenamiento, Plaguicidas, Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador