Factores de riesgo, causas y consecuencias de sepsis neonatal en pacientes hospitalizados en área de UCIN del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil período 2014
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Mèdicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La Sepsis Neonatal es el síndrome clínico caracterizado por signos y síntomas de infección Sistémica que se confirma al aislarse en Hemocultivos o cultivo de LCR bacterias, hongos o virus y que se manifiesta dentro de los primeros 28 días de vida, ocupa el cuarto lugar dentro de las diez principales causas de morbilidad infantil según datos del INEC 2013. Es un problema de salud pública por las implicaciones sociales, familiares y económicas, la elevada mortalidad, la afectación predominantemente a los grupos más vulnerables y en regiones del tercer mundo. El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil 2014, donde se demostró la importancia de los diferentes factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de la Sepsis Clínica, encontrando que el factor predominante es la presencia de IVU con un 43% y leucorrea en un 11% en el embarazo, seguidos de Oligoamnios 6% , liquido meconial 6% y fistula amniótica 6%, a pesar de que se encontró una igualdad en la presentación de este síndrome para ambos sexos, la mortalidad fue mayor en el Sexo masculino 11 casos de un total de 15. Un factor de importancia es el control prenatal adecuado y recomendado por la OMS de al menos 5 controles durante el embarazo que se cumplió en el 61% de las embarazadas, sin embargo el 16% no tuvieron ningún control durante el embarazo. La edad Gestacional en la que se presentó con más frecuencia este síndrome fue en RN a Término 57%. Se confirmó sepsis con hemocultivo positivo en el 10% de los casos, siendo el germen predominante S. Epidermidis en el 80%
Neonatal Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of systemic infection is confirmed to be isolated in blood culture and CSF culture bacteria, fungi or viruses and is manifested within the first 28 days of life, it ranks fourth in the ten leading causes of infant morbidity according to the INEC 2013. It is a public health by social, family and economic implications, high mortality, predominantly affecting the most vulnerable groups and regions of the third world. The present work is a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil 2014, where the importance of different risk factors in the development of clinical sepsis demonstrated, finding that the predominant factor is the presence of IVU with 43% and 11% leucorrea in pregnancy, followed by Oligoamnios 6%, 6% meconium and amniotic fistula 6%, despite an equality found in the presentation of this syndrome for both sexes, mortality was greater in men 11 cases of a total of 15. An important factor is proper prenatal and recommended by the WHO for at least 5 controls during pregnancy that was fulfilled in 61% of pregnant women, however the 16% had no control during pregnancy. Gestational age at which most often presented this syndrome was 57% Term RN. It was confirmed sepsis with positive blood culture in 10% of cases, be the predominant germ in S. epidermidis 80%
Neonatal Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of systemic infection is confirmed to be isolated in blood culture and CSF culture bacteria, fungi or viruses and is manifested within the first 28 days of life, it ranks fourth in the ten leading causes of infant morbidity according to the INEC 2013. It is a public health by social, family and economic implications, high mortality, predominantly affecting the most vulnerable groups and regions of the third world. The present work is a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil 2014, where the importance of different risk factors in the development of clinical sepsis demonstrated, finding that the predominant factor is the presence of IVU with 43% and 11% leucorrea in pregnancy, followed by Oligoamnios 6%, 6% meconium and amniotic fistula 6%, despite an equality found in the presentation of this syndrome for both sexes, mortality was greater in men 11 cases of a total of 15. An important factor is proper prenatal and recommended by the WHO for at least 5 controls during pregnancy that was fulfilled in 61% of pregnant women, however the 16% had no control during pregnancy. Gestational age at which most often presented this syndrome was 57% Term RN. It was confirmed sepsis with positive blood culture in 10% of cases, be the predominant germ in S. epidermidis 80%
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Sepsis neonatal, Epedemiología descriptiva, Pacientes hospitalizados, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Recién nacido