Caracterización clínica epidemiológica de la leptospirosis en la localidad Casa Grande - provincia de Manabí, año 2012. Medidas de prevención.
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
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RESUMEN
La leptospirosis tiene una distribución mundial en zonas urbanas y rurales desarrolladas y en desarrollo, excepto en las regiones polares. Constituye un riesgo ocupacional en trabajadores de arrozales. En Ecuador, en los casos confirmados estos últimos años, se ha identificado en humanos la serovariedad de la Leptospira, pero no se ha podido confirmar en el huésped natural como las ratas, vacas, entre otros. Y así, poder correlacionar la fuente de infección en humanos. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes con Leptospirosis de la localidad Casa Grande - Provincia de Manabí en el año 2012, y a su vez de desarrollar medidas de prevención. Se realizo el estudio con una metodología de diseño No experimental de tipo descriptivo, en la población de la localidad de Casa Grande; donde los pacientes fueron atendidos en la red de Unidades de Salud del MSP. Siendo los resultados en esta investigación la detección de 37% de casos de Leptospirosis. De acuerdo a la característica clínica, el síntoma de mayor proporción fue cefalea con 89,2% y dolor muscular con 81,1%; considerados como sintomatología obligatoria. Según características de las personas se estableció que la presencia de la enfermedad fue mayor en el sexo femenino con 54%; y el grupo etario más afectado fue de 31 a 45 años de edad con 37,84%, seguido de ≤ 15 años con 32,43%. También hubo casos en las semanas epidemiológicas desde la 19 a la 42, siendo su mayor
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incidencia en la semana 40 y 41. Según su escolaridad, se observó que la mayor proporción de casos está en las personas que son analfabetos y personas que estudiaron solo la primaria. La ocupación de la población afectada de la localidad Casa Grande, la mayoría fue en labores agrícolas con 29,7%, seguido de elaboración de almidón de forma artesanal con 27%. Se sugiere realizar un análisis de los diversos factores de riesgo con el objetivo de identificar las zonas vulnerables de la localidad Casa Grande para implementar estrategias de prevención y control locales mucho más efectivas y específicas para la Leptospirosis.
Palabras clave:
LEPTOSPIROSIS; CARACTERIZACIÓN; INFECCIÓN; CLÍNICA.
Leptospirosis occurs worldwide in urban and rural areas developed and developing countries, except in the Polar Regions. It is an occupational hazard for workers in rice paddies. In Ecuador, confirmed cases in recent years, it has been identified in humans Leptospira serovar, but has not been confirmed in the natural host as rats, cows, among others. And so, to correlate the source of infection in humans. The aim of the study was to characterize clinical and epidemiological patients with Leptospirosis of the town Casa Grande - Manabi Province in 2012, and in turn to develop preventive measures. The study was conducted with a methodology of experimental design not descriptive, in the population of the town of Casa Grande; where patients were treated at the MSP Health Units. As results, in this research were detected 37% of cases of Leptospirosis. According to clinical characteristic symptom of larger proportion was 89.2% headache and muscle pain with 81.1%; considered mandatory symptoms. According to characteristics of individuals it was established that the presence of the disease was higher in males with 54%; and the most affected age group was 31-45 years with 37.84%, followed by ≤ 15 years at 32.43%. There were also cases in epidemiological weeks 19 to 42, with the highest incidence in week 40 and 41. According to their schooling, it was observed that the greatest proportion of cases is in people illiterate and who studied only primary. The occupation of the affected population xviii of the town Casa Grande, mostly in agriculture was 29.7%, followed by manufacture of starch by hand with 27%. It is suggested an analysis of the various risk factors in order to identify vulnerable areas of the city Casa Grande to implement prevention strategies and more effective and specific strategy for Leptospirosis local control. Keywords: LEPTOSPIROSIS; CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTION; CLINICAL.
Leptospirosis occurs worldwide in urban and rural areas developed and developing countries, except in the Polar Regions. It is an occupational hazard for workers in rice paddies. In Ecuador, confirmed cases in recent years, it has been identified in humans Leptospira serovar, but has not been confirmed in the natural host as rats, cows, among others. And so, to correlate the source of infection in humans. The aim of the study was to characterize clinical and epidemiological patients with Leptospirosis of the town Casa Grande - Manabi Province in 2012, and in turn to develop preventive measures. The study was conducted with a methodology of experimental design not descriptive, in the population of the town of Casa Grande; where patients were treated at the MSP Health Units. As results, in this research were detected 37% of cases of Leptospirosis. According to clinical characteristic symptom of larger proportion was 89.2% headache and muscle pain with 81.1%; considered mandatory symptoms. According to characteristics of individuals it was established that the presence of the disease was higher in males with 54%; and the most affected age group was 31-45 years with 37.84%, followed by ≤ 15 years at 32.43%. There were also cases in epidemiological weeks 19 to 42, with the highest incidence in week 40 and 41. According to their schooling, it was observed that the greatest proportion of cases is in people illiterate and who studied only primary. The occupation of the affected population xviii of the town Casa Grande, mostly in agriculture was 29.7%, followed by manufacture of starch by hand with 27%. It is suggested an analysis of the various risk factors in order to identify vulnerable areas of the city Casa Grande to implement prevention strategies and more effective and specific strategy for Leptospirosis local control. Keywords: LEPTOSPIROSIS; CHARACTERIZATION; INFECTION; CLINICAL.
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EPIDEMIOLOGIA, LEPTOSPIROSIS, DIAGNOSTICO ORAL