Diagnóstico molecular de tuberculosis pulmonar y de resistencia a tuberculostáticos en pacientes adultos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, de la ciudad de Guayaquil, 2013 - 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y analítico para determinar los casos de Tuberculosis pulmonar (TB) y de multirresistencia a tuberculostáticos en pacientes adultos (TB-MR) en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo (HTMC)en el período 2013-
2015. Se determinó mediante baciloscopia y técnicas moleculares de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) la frecuencia de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico presunto de TB.
La frecuencia de casos encontrados ha sido de 35.5 pacientes adultos cada 1000 pacientes que asistieron al Hospital. Se observó una correlación perfecta (100 %) entre ambas técnicas con la ventaja que la técnica molecular permite al mismo tiempo obtener información sobre resistencia a fármacos tuberculostáticos.
Las tasas de prevalencia de TB (y de TB-MR) obtenidas presentaron una tendencia anual decreciente que coincide con las tendencias reportadas por Ecuador a la OMS. Se determinaron mediante PCR 20 pacientes que presentaron mutaciones de resistencia a Rifampicina. Se estableció una frecuencia de 16 % de pacientes co-infectados con TB y VIH. Se identificaron mediante una encuesta los factores que contribuyeron en mayor medida al fracaso terapéutico y a la farmacorresistencia
An observational, descriptive and analytical study was performed to determine the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug resistance to TB drugs in aduJt patients (MDR-TB) in the "Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" (HTMC),from 2013 to 2015.The frequency of adult patients with suspected TB smear diagnosis is determined by molecular techniques and polyrnerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of cases found was 35.5 per 1,000 adult patients who attended the hospital patients. A perfect correlation (100%) between the two techniques with the advantage that the molecular technique allows the same time information on resistance to antituberculosis drugs was observed. The prevalence rates of TB (and MDR-TB) obtained showed a declining annual trend consistent with trends reported by Ecuador to WHO. 20 patients who Rifampicin resistance mutations were deterrnined by PCR. A frequency of 16% of co-infected with TB and HIV patients was established. They identified by surveying the factors that contributed most to treatment failure and drug resistance
An observational, descriptive and analytical study was performed to determine the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug resistance to TB drugs in aduJt patients (MDR-TB) in the "Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" (HTMC),from 2013 to 2015.The frequency of adult patients with suspected TB smear diagnosis is determined by molecular techniques and polyrnerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of cases found was 35.5 per 1,000 adult patients who attended the hospital patients. A perfect correlation (100%) between the two techniques with the advantage that the molecular technique allows the same time information on resistance to antituberculosis drugs was observed. The prevalence rates of TB (and MDR-TB) obtained showed a declining annual trend consistent with trends reported by Ecuador to WHO. 20 patients who Rifampicin resistance mutations were deterrnined by PCR. A frequency of 16% of co-infected with TB and HIV patients was established. They identified by surveying the factors that contributed most to treatment failure and drug resistance
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TUBERCULOSIS PULMONAR, TUBERCULOSTÁTICOS, REACCIÓN EN CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA