Control de insectos plagas a base de cinco insecticidas botánicos en el cultivo de maní Arachis hypogaea L.
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó durante la época seca del 2015, en la
granja experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad
de Guayaquil, que está ubicada en el Km 48 Vía-Duran –Tambo – Recinto
Vainillo, cantón El Triunfo, provincia del Guayas. Los Objetivos fueron:
Objetivo General evaluar la efectividad de cinco insecticidas botánicos
para el control de las plagas en el cultivo de Maní, mientras que los
Objetivo Específicos fueron:
1.- Determinar el rendimiento por hectárea de cada tratamiento en estudio,
2.- Determinar la dosis por Ha del tratamiento más efectivo para el control
de plagas, 3.- Análisis económico de los tratamientos. El diseño
experimental que es uso fue el denominado Bloques al Azar, mientras que
los tratamientos fueron: T1 = Neem, T2 = Cebolla, T3 = Ají, T4 = Ajo,
T5 = Ajenjo y T6 = Testigo. Los factores en estudio fueron determinar la
efectividad de los tratamientos. De acuerdo a los datos estadísticos en lo
que respecta al crecimiento de las plantas a los 15- 30- 45 días, el
tratamiento a base de Neem para el control de insectos plagas “Larva de
Cogollero (Stegasta bosquella Ch)”, fue el que obtuvo el mejor
crecimiento, seguido del tratamiento a base de cebolla colorada, siendo el
testigo el que tuvo el menor crecimiento.
En cuanto al promedio de vainas por plantas, se determinó que el Neem
fue el que obtuvó el mejor resultada con 23 vainas, seguido de la Cebolla
con 22 y por último el testigo con 15 vainas como promedio.
Respecto al peso en gramos de 100 semillas, no se observó diferencias
significativas en los tratamientos.
En base a la producción, el tratamiento con Neem fue el que alcanzó el
mayor peso por hectárea con 3334 kg/semilla en cascara, seguido por la
cebolla y el Ajo con 3104 y 3063 kg/ha respectivamente, mientras que el
testigo solo alcanzó 1896 Kg.
Recomiendo para el cantón El Triunfo el tratamiento a base de Neem para
el control de Insectos Plagas en el cultivo del maní.
Concienciar al productor manicero para que busque nuevas alternativas en
el control de plagas a base de insecticidas botánicos, con la finalidad de
respetar la vida y vivir en armonía con la naturaleza.
Utilizar otras especies de plantas para el control de plagas, no solo en maní
sino también en otros cultivos.
Realizar nuevos ensayos utilizando dosis diferentes en otros trabajos de
investigación.
This research was conducted during the dry season of 2015 in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Guayaquil, which is located at Km 48 Via-Duran Tambo - Trade Vainillo, Canton El Triunfo, province Guayas. Objectives were: General objective to evaluate the effectiveness five botanical insecticides to control pests in the cultivation of peanuts, while specific objective were: 1. Determine the yield per hectare of each treatment in study 2. Determine the dose has the most effective treatment for pest control, 3. Economic analysis of treatments. The experimental design is called use was randomized blocks, while treatments were: T1 = Neem, T2 = Onion, T3 = Aji, T4 = Ajo, T5 and T6 = = Wormwood Witness. The factors were studied to determine the effectiveness of treatments. According to statistical data regarding the growth of plants to 15- 30- 45 days, treatment of Neem to control insect pests "Larva of Cogollero (Stegasta bosquella Ch)" was that he had the best growth, followed by treatment with red onion, being the witness who had the lowest growth. As the average of pods per plant, it was determined that the Neem was the one who had the best turned out with 23 pods, followed by onion with 22 and finally the witness with 15 pods on average. Relative to the weight in grams of 100 seeds, no significant difference was observed in treatments. Based on the production, treatment with Neem was the one who reached the highest weight per hectare to 3334 kg / seed shell, followed by onion and garlic with 3104 and 3063 kg / ha respectively, while the control only reached 1896 kg. I recommend to the canton the Triumph treatment of Neem for control of insect pests in growing peanuts. Manicero educate the producer to seek new alternatives in pest control based on botanical insecticides, in order to respect life and live in harmony with nature. Using other plant species for pest control, not just peanuts but also in other crops. Further tests using different doses in other research.
This research was conducted during the dry season of 2015 in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Guayaquil, which is located at Km 48 Via-Duran Tambo - Trade Vainillo, Canton El Triunfo, province Guayas. Objectives were: General objective to evaluate the effectiveness five botanical insecticides to control pests in the cultivation of peanuts, while specific objective were: 1. Determine the yield per hectare of each treatment in study 2. Determine the dose has the most effective treatment for pest control, 3. Economic analysis of treatments. The experimental design is called use was randomized blocks, while treatments were: T1 = Neem, T2 = Onion, T3 = Aji, T4 = Ajo, T5 and T6 = = Wormwood Witness. The factors were studied to determine the effectiveness of treatments. According to statistical data regarding the growth of plants to 15- 30- 45 days, treatment of Neem to control insect pests "Larva of Cogollero (Stegasta bosquella Ch)" was that he had the best growth, followed by treatment with red onion, being the witness who had the lowest growth. As the average of pods per plant, it was determined that the Neem was the one who had the best turned out with 23 pods, followed by onion with 22 and finally the witness with 15 pods on average. Relative to the weight in grams of 100 seeds, no significant difference was observed in treatments. Based on the production, treatment with Neem was the one who reached the highest weight per hectare to 3334 kg / seed shell, followed by onion and garlic with 3104 and 3063 kg / ha respectively, while the control only reached 1896 kg. I recommend to the canton the Triumph treatment of Neem for control of insect pests in growing peanuts. Manicero educate the producer to seek new alternatives in pest control based on botanical insecticides, in order to respect life and live in harmony with nature. Using other plant species for pest control, not just peanuts but also in other crops. Further tests using different doses in other research.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MANI, INSECTOS, PLAGAS, INSECTICIDAS BOTANICOS, RENDIMIENTO