Centro regional de investigación, conservación y desarrollo de recursos genéticos, en la provincia de Los Ríos, 2015
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2015
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La acción del hombre ha provocado cambios irreversibles, durante los últimos cien años, se ha acelerado el ritmo de extinción al menos 100 veces respecto al ritmo natural de la tierra. La diversidad genética es fundamental; cuando se reduce drásticamente la abundancia de una especie se pierde gran parte de su variabilidad genética, lo cual a su vez disminuye las posibilidades de ésta para adaptarse a los cambios de ambiente. Así, la supervivencia de las especies se encuentra íntimamente relacionada con su capacidad de adaptación y depende, en gran medida, de su variabilidad. En el Ecuador los estudios de la diversidad genética se han orientado principalmente a los programas de mejoramiento, mientras se ha investigado muy poco a la fauna y flora silvestre del país. Por esta razón es necesaria la creación de un Centro Regional de Investigación, conservación y desarrollo de recursos genéticos en el cantón Quinzaloma, para desarrollar actividades de investigación,
Autora: Verónica Valencia G.
Tutora: Arq. MSc. Silvia Alcívar Macías
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aprovechamiento, manejo y conservación “in situ” y “ex situ” de plantas nativas, silvestres, variedades de especies cultivadas, tradicionales o comerciales, etc.., con ello contribuir al rescate de una gran parte de la diversidad biológica actualmente en peligro de desaparecer, o que han disminuido notablemente, los que han sido reemplazados por variedades de la misma especie o de especies diferentes, cuyo cultivo, desarrollo y producción es acelerado, perdiéndose así especies nativas de importancia agroecológica, medicinal, y forestal; debido a la erosión genética, la degradación de los ecosistemas, la deforestación, los cambios en el uso del suelo, la intensificación de la producción agrícola, el aumento de los nutrientes presentes en el suelo y el agua a causa del uso de fertilizantes, la utilización de pesticidas, la contaminación y la erosión activa y potencial de los suelos, la contaminación de las fuentes acuíferas y superficiales, el abandono de las prácticas tradicionales de producción, el escaso conocimiento de la biodiversidad silvestre, de su valor económico y los procesos ecológicos que la sustentan, la ocupación sistemática del bosque tropical húmedo y de las estribaciones andinas, la misma que incide directamente en la pérdida de especies vegetales y animales, sin que sea posible aprovechar su potencial científico, ecológico y económico, una legislación inconsistente que no consigue el uso sustentable de los recursos naturales, una presión demográfica elevada y una estructura agraria defectuosa, sobre todo en ecosistemas frágiles donde la degradación o destrucción es aguda, los intereses económicos a corto plazo predominan sobre la conservación y manejo sustentable.(Valencia,2015)
Human activity has caused irreversible changes during the last hundred years, has accelerated the rate of extinction at least 100 times compared to the natural rhythm of the earth. Genetic diversity is essential; when drastically reduced the abundance of a species much of their genetic variability is lost, which in turn decreases the chances of this adapt to environmental changes. Thus, the survival of the species is closely related to its ability to adapt and depends largely on its variability. In Ecuador studies of genetic diversity have focused mainly on improvement programs, while little research on wild fauna and flora of the country. For this reason the creation of a Regional Centre for Research, conservation and development of genetic resources in the canton Quinzaloma is necessary to develop research, development, management and conservation "in situ" and "ex situ" of native plants, wild varieties of cultivated commercial species or traditional, etc .. thereby contribute to the rescue of a large part of the biodiversity currently in danger of disappearing, or have fallen sharply, which have been replaced by varieties of the samespecies or different species, the cultivation, development and production is accelerated, thus losing agro-ecological forest native species, medicinal importance, and; due to genetic erosion, degradation of ecosystems, deforestation, changes in land use, intensification of agricultural production, increased nutrients in the soil and water due to the use of fertilizers, use of pesticides, pollution and active and potential erosion of soil, pollution of aquifers and surface sources, the abandonment of traditional production practices, poor knowledge of wild biodiversity, its economic value and ecological processes that support the systematic occupation of tropical rain forest and the Andean foothills, it directly affects the loss of plant and animal species, without being able to take advantage of their scientific, ecological and economic potential, inconsistent legislation fails sustainable use of natural resources, high population pressure and faulty agricultural structure, especially in fragile ecosystems where degradation or destruction is acute, the short-term economic interests prevail over the conservation and sustainable management.
Human activity has caused irreversible changes during the last hundred years, has accelerated the rate of extinction at least 100 times compared to the natural rhythm of the earth. Genetic diversity is essential; when drastically reduced the abundance of a species much of their genetic variability is lost, which in turn decreases the chances of this adapt to environmental changes. Thus, the survival of the species is closely related to its ability to adapt and depends largely on its variability. In Ecuador studies of genetic diversity have focused mainly on improvement programs, while little research on wild fauna and flora of the country. For this reason the creation of a Regional Centre for Research, conservation and development of genetic resources in the canton Quinzaloma is necessary to develop research, development, management and conservation "in situ" and "ex situ" of native plants, wild varieties of cultivated commercial species or traditional, etc .. thereby contribute to the rescue of a large part of the biodiversity currently in danger of disappearing, or have fallen sharply, which have been replaced by varieties of the samespecies or different species, the cultivation, development and production is accelerated, thus losing agro-ecological forest native species, medicinal importance, and; due to genetic erosion, degradation of ecosystems, deforestation, changes in land use, intensification of agricultural production, increased nutrients in the soil and water due to the use of fertilizers, use of pesticides, pollution and active and potential erosion of soil, pollution of aquifers and surface sources, the abandonment of traditional production practices, poor knowledge of wild biodiversity, its economic value and ecological processes that support the systematic occupation of tropical rain forest and the Andean foothills, it directly affects the loss of plant and animal species, without being able to take advantage of their scientific, ecological and economic potential, inconsistent legislation fails sustainable use of natural resources, high population pressure and faulty agricultural structure, especially in fragile ecosystems where degradation or destruction is acute, the short-term economic interests prevail over the conservation and sustainable management.
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INVESTIGACIÓN, CONSERVACIÓN, GERMOPLASMA, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN