Propuesta de rehabilitación del sistema de lagunaje para el tratamiento de Aguas residuales de la Cabecera cantonal de Palestina
Fecha
2016-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
Uno de los factores indispensables para tener una conveniente protección de las fuentes de suministro de agua es contar con las técnicas que provean un tratamiento efectivo y adecuado al agua residual. Para generalizar esta práctica es necesario
contar con los recursos económicos y humanos necesarios que, para la realidad de nuestro país, se traduce en implantar sistemas poco mecanizados y de bajo costo de inversión y operación. En este contexto, las pequeñas comunidades que generan residuos líquidos biodegradables pueden considerar a las lagunas de estabilización como una opción de tratamiento. Dentro del sistema de lagunas de estabilización que presenta actualmente la cabecera cantonal de Palestina, se prevé plantear el rediseño y rehabilitación de la estructura del tratamiento, mediante la recopilación de información técnica concerniente a sistemas de lagunaje. Para proponer el plan de rehabilitación es fundamental conocer la caracterización que presenta el agua residual que ingresa a las lagunas de estabilización, así mismo realizar un diagnóstico del
procedimiento actual considerando el caudal para el cual las lagunas deben trabajar. Dentro de la sugerencia de rehabilitación se debe realizar el cálculo de las variables tales como la población futura de la cabecera cantonal de Palestina y caudal de diseño considerando el 100% de la población urbana conectada a la red de recolección de aguas residuales. Se expone la rehabilitación del sistema de lagunas de estabilización, el cual concluye con el rediseño de la laguna anaerobia y facultativa, que satisface analíticamente el cumplimiento de las normativas ambientales vigentes en nuestro país.
One of the indispensable factors to have a suitable protection of the sources of water supply is to have the techniques that provide an effective treatment and adequate to the residual water. In order to generalize this practice, it is necessary to have the necessary economic and human resources that, for the reality of our country, translate into the implementation of low-mechanized and low-cost systems of investment and operation. In this context, small communities that generate biodegradable liquid waste may view stabilization ponds as a treatment option. Within the system of stabilization ponds currently under thecantonal head of Palestine, it is planned to propose the redesign and rehabilitation of the treatment structure, through the collection of technical information concerning lagoon systems. In order to propose the rehabilitation plan, it is essential to know the characterization of the wastewater entering the stabilization ponds, as well as to make a diagnosis of the current procedure considering the flow rate for which the lagoons must work. Within the rehabilitation suggestion, the variables such as the future population of the cantonal headland of Palestine and design flow should be calculated considering 100% of the urban population connected to the wastewater collection network. The rehabilitation of the stabilization lagoon system is discussed, which concludes with the redesign of the anaerobic and facultative lagoon, which satisfies analytically the compliance with environmental regulations in force in our country.
One of the indispensable factors to have a suitable protection of the sources of water supply is to have the techniques that provide an effective treatment and adequate to the residual water. In order to generalize this practice, it is necessary to have the necessary economic and human resources that, for the reality of our country, translate into the implementation of low-mechanized and low-cost systems of investment and operation. In this context, small communities that generate biodegradable liquid waste may view stabilization ponds as a treatment option. Within the system of stabilization ponds currently under thecantonal head of Palestine, it is planned to propose the redesign and rehabilitation of the treatment structure, through the collection of technical information concerning lagoon systems. In order to propose the rehabilitation plan, it is essential to know the characterization of the wastewater entering the stabilization ponds, as well as to make a diagnosis of the current procedure considering the flow rate for which the lagoons must work. Within the rehabilitation suggestion, the variables such as the future population of the cantonal headland of Palestine and design flow should be calculated considering 100% of the urban population connected to the wastewater collection network. The rehabilitation of the stabilization lagoon system is discussed, which concludes with the redesign of the anaerobic and facultative lagoon, which satisfies analytically the compliance with environmental regulations in force in our country.
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Palabras clave
Cantón Palestina, Características físico-químicas, Laguna de estabilización, Agua residual, Canton Palestine, Stabilization ponds, Physical and chemical characteristics, Wastewater