Polinización asistida mediante interacción método, dosis y fuente de polen, en híbrido interespecífico OxG Elaeis oleifera x elaeis guineensis
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental Santo Domingo del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), ubicada en el km. 38 de la vía Santo Domingo - Quinindé, cantón La Concordia, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Los objetivos fueron: a) Determinar las mejores interaciones basados en los componentes del racimo. b) Determinar el porcentaje de extracción de aceite de racimos. c) Elaborar un análisis económico de los tratamientos en estudio Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) con arreglo factorial 3 x 2 x 2, con tres repeticiones, para la comparación y determinación de las medias de tratamientos, se utilizó la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. En total se evaluaron cinco variables referentes a los componentes del racimo y dos variables para la extracción de aceite. De los resultados se concluye que: a) La polinización asistida en el híbrido interespecífico OxG es determinante para la obtención de una mejor conformación de racimos y por ende el incremento de la producción de aceite. b) Dosis adecuadas de polen conlleva a obtener un mayor peso del racimo y, por tanto, una mayor extracción de aceite. c) Cuando se utiliza dosis bajas de polen con las fuentes tipo Dura y Pisífera el porcentaje de frutos partenocárpicos aumenta considerablemente. d) El uso de la fuente Dura (polen) en polinización asistida, constituye una buena alternativa para el productor, por lo que se debe propender a la disponibilidad de polen de la fuente Dura guineensis. e) El método tres con dosis media de polen y usando fuente Tenera presentó la mayor tasa marginal de retorno.
The present study was conducted in the Experimental Centre Santo Domingo, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), located at the km. 38 of the road Santo Domingo - Quinindé, La Concordia Canton, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province. The objectives were: a) to identify the best interactions based on the components of the cluster. b) To determine the percentage of oil extraction clusters. c) To develop an economic analysis of the treatments under study. The factors studied were: three methods of assisted pollination (M1, M2 and M3) in combination with three doses of pollen (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35) and two sources of pollen (Dura and Tenera). A randomized complete block design (DBCA) with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 x 2, and three replicates was used for the comparison and determination of the means of treatments, using the Tukey test at 5% probability. In total, five variables were evaluated concerning the components of the cluster and two variables for the extraction of oil. From the results we conclude that: a) the pollination assisted in the interspecific hybrid OxG is determinant to obtain a better conformation of clusters and therefore the increase of oil production will be also significant. b) Adequate doses of pollen lead to a higher cluster weight and, therefore, a higher extraction of oil. c) When low doses of pollen are applied with the sources Dura and Pisífera, the percentage of parthenocarpic fruits increases considerably. d) The use of the source Dura (pollen) in assisted polinization is a good alternative for the farmer, therefore, the availability of pollen from the source Dura guineensis should be proposed. c) Method three with medium dose of pollen and using Tener a source had the highest marginal rate of retur.
The present study was conducted in the Experimental Centre Santo Domingo, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP), located at the km. 38 of the road Santo Domingo - Quinindé, La Concordia Canton, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province. The objectives were: a) to identify the best interactions based on the components of the cluster. b) To determine the percentage of oil extraction clusters. c) To develop an economic analysis of the treatments under study. The factors studied were: three methods of assisted pollination (M1, M2 and M3) in combination with three doses of pollen (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35) and two sources of pollen (Dura and Tenera). A randomized complete block design (DBCA) with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 x 2, and three replicates was used for the comparison and determination of the means of treatments, using the Tukey test at 5% probability. In total, five variables were evaluated concerning the components of the cluster and two variables for the extraction of oil. From the results we conclude that: a) the pollination assisted in the interspecific hybrid OxG is determinant to obtain a better conformation of clusters and therefore the increase of oil production will be also significant. b) Adequate doses of pollen lead to a higher cluster weight and, therefore, a higher extraction of oil. c) When low doses of pollen are applied with the sources Dura and Pisífera, the percentage of parthenocarpic fruits increases considerably. d) The use of the source Dura (pollen) in assisted polinization is a good alternative for the farmer, therefore, the availability of pollen from the source Dura guineensis should be proposed. c) Method three with medium dose of pollen and using Tener a source had the highest marginal rate of retur.
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POLINIZACION ASISTIDA, HIBRIDO INTERESPECIFICO OXG