Determinación de bacterias aerobias mesófilas y coliformes totales en la leche de cabra procedente de las UPAS que comprenden el programa leche de cabra de la Universidad de Guayaquil
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación realizado en los Laboratorios del Instituto de
Investigaciones Tecnológicas de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad
de Guayaquil, durante los meses de Diciembre del 2014 a Abril del 2015, tuvo como
objetivo determinar la presencia de bacterias aerobias mesófilas y coliformes totales
en la leche de cabra de las UPAs de los cantones Guayaquil, Daule y Samborondón
del Programa Leche de Cabra de la Universidad de Guayaquil, utilizando la Técnica
de las Placas Petrifilm™. Se visitó personalmente las 20 UPAs caprinas, y se
recolectó 2 muestras representativas de leche por cada UPA, teniendo en cuenta el
manejo de ordeño y condiciones de corrales de las explotaciones caprinas.
La leche se recolectó en frascos estériles de muestra, los mismos que fueron llevados
en una caja térmica con su respectivo refrigerante al laboratorio, para los respectivos
análisis. En total se analizaron 40 muestras, y se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados:
100% de las muestras de leche (40) fueron positivas a bacterias aerobias mesófilas, el
57,50% de las muestras de leche (23) fueron positivas a bacterias coliformes totales y
el 42,50% de las muestras de leche (17) fueron negativas a coliformes totales. Las
muestras de leche de cabra que obtuvieron mayor índice de colonias bacterianas de
aerobias mesófilas y coliformes totales pertenecen a las UPAs del cantón
Samborondón, seguido por el cantón Guayaquil, y por último el cantón Daule. Cabe
recalcar que no todos los valores referentes al número de colonias obtenidos en este
estudio fueron dependientes del manejo de ordeño y de las condiciones de los
corrales, ya que existen muchos otros factores que pueden originar un mayor índice
de crecimiento bacteriano presente en la leche.
Se recomienda la capacitación de los caprinocultores en BPO y manejo técnico
adecuado para disminuir la población microbiana en la leche de cabra
This research work done in the laboratories of the Institute of Technological Research of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering at the University of Guayaquil, during the months of December 2014 to April 2015, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliform Total in goat milk of UPAs of the cantons Guayaquil, Daule and Samborondón of Goat Milk Program at the University of Guayaquil, using the technique Petrifilm ™ Plates. It is personally visited the 20 UPAs goats, and 2 representative milk samples were collected for each UPA, considering milking and handling conditions pens goat farms. The milk is collected in sterile sample bottles, the same as they were taken in a cooler with refrigerant corresponding to the laboratory for the respective analysis. Altogether 40 samples of goat milk with the technique Petrifilm ™ Plates were analyzed, and the following results were obtained: 100% of the milk samples (40) were positive for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 57.50% of the milk samples (23) were positive for total coliform bacteria and 42.50% of the milk samples (17) were negative for total coliforms. The goat milk samples obtained higher rate of bacterial colonies of mesophilic aerobic and total coliforms belong to the canton UPAs Samborondón, followed by the Canton Guayaquil, and finally the canton Daule. It should be noted that not all values concerning the number of colonies obtained in this study were dependent on the management of milking and conditions of the pens, as there are many other factors that may cause a higher rate of bacterial growth in milk. Training of goat breeders in BPO and adequate technical management to reduce the microbial population in goat milk is recommended
This research work done in the laboratories of the Institute of Technological Research of the Faculty of Chemical Engineering at the University of Guayaquil, during the months of December 2014 to April 2015, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and coliform Total in goat milk of UPAs of the cantons Guayaquil, Daule and Samborondón of Goat Milk Program at the University of Guayaquil, using the technique Petrifilm ™ Plates. It is personally visited the 20 UPAs goats, and 2 representative milk samples were collected for each UPA, considering milking and handling conditions pens goat farms. The milk is collected in sterile sample bottles, the same as they were taken in a cooler with refrigerant corresponding to the laboratory for the respective analysis. Altogether 40 samples of goat milk with the technique Petrifilm ™ Plates were analyzed, and the following results were obtained: 100% of the milk samples (40) were positive for aerobic mesophilic bacteria, 57.50% of the milk samples (23) were positive for total coliform bacteria and 42.50% of the milk samples (17) were negative for total coliforms. The goat milk samples obtained higher rate of bacterial colonies of mesophilic aerobic and total coliforms belong to the canton UPAs Samborondón, followed by the Canton Guayaquil, and finally the canton Daule. It should be noted that not all values concerning the number of colonies obtained in this study were dependent on the management of milking and conditions of the pens, as there are many other factors that may cause a higher rate of bacterial growth in milk. Training of goat breeders in BPO and adequate technical management to reduce the microbial population in goat milk is recommended
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Palabras clave
LECHE, CABRA, UPAS