Análisis de las teorías de las restricciones y mejoramiento de la productividad en la Empresa B&B.
Fecha
2015-08-05
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo de titulación es: analizar las restricciones en la producción de anillos o espirales plásticos para encuadernación, para diseñar una propuesta que permita mejorar la productividad en la empresa B&B. Para diagnosticar la situación actual de esta organización, se analizaron los procesos productivos de manufactura de espirales plásticos para encuadernación, utilizando diagramas de operaciones, de bloque, de planta, de recorrido, de Ishikawa y de Pareto, con los cuales se identificó como principales problemas reclamos de los clientes, defectos de los productos, paros no programados y limitaciones para abastecer la demanda de pedidos de los clientes, cuyas causas principales se deben a: fallas de las maquinaria debido a las limitaciones de mantenimiento o a variaciones de voltaje; fallas operativas en la regulación de temperatura, en el ajuste de moldes y en la manipulación de las maquinarias; materia prima no conforme, lo que a su vez es causado por las restricciones de capacidad de las maquinarias, resultando pérdidas anuales por la cantidad de $9.458,13. La propuesta para enfrentar los problemas fue la aplicación de la Teoría de Restricciones (TOC), escogiendo la alternativa de solución la adquisición de una máquina formadora automática, a lo que se añade la capacitación técnica del talento humano, con lo cual, la capacidad instalada de producción actual de 2.533 fundas (cientos) de espirales plásticos mensuales para encuadernación ascenderá a 4.433,68, es decir, un incremento del 75% en la capacidad de la planta, la inversión total de la propuesta asciende al monto de $16.741,00, de los cuales la inversión fija corresponde al 90,20% ($14.857,50) y los costos de operación el 9,80% ($1.613,50); generando una Tasa de Retorno de la Inversión TIR es igual a 37,66% que es superior al 14,00% de la tasa de descuento con que se compara la inversión, una recuperación de la inversión igual a 2 años 9 meses, un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) asciende al monto de $24.258,86 que es el beneficio que generará la propuesta y es mayor a la inversión inicial que suma $14.857,50, demostrando su sustentabilidad y factibilidad de la propuesta
The objective of the titling work is: to analyze the restrictions in the production of rings or plastic spirals for binding, to design a proposal to improve productivity in the company B & B. To diagnose the current situation of this organization, we analyzed the manufacturing processes of plastic spirals for binding, using operations, block, plant, travel, Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams, with which they were identified as main problems Customer complaints, product defects, unscheduled shutdowns and limitations to supply customer demand, whose main causes are due to: machine failures due to maintenance limitations or voltage variations; Operational failures in the regulation of temperature, in the adjustment of molds and in the manipulation of the machinery; Nonconforming raw material, which in turn is caused by the capacity restrictions of the machinery, resulting in annual losses in the amount of $ 9,458.13. The proposal to face the problems was the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), choosing the solution alternative the acquisition of an automatic forming machine, to which is added the technical training of the human talent, with which, the installed capacity Of current production of 2,533 sheaths (hundreds) of monthly plastic spirals for binding will amount to 4,433.68, that is, a 75% increase in plant capacity, the total investment of the proposal amounts to $ 16,741.00, Of which the fixed investment corresponds to 90.20% ($ 14,857.50) and the operating costs are 9.80% ($ 1,613.50); Generating a Return Rate of Investment TIR is equal to 37.66% which is higher than 14.00% of the discount rate with which the investment is compared, a return on investment equal to 2 years 9 months, a Value Actual Net Income (NAV) amounts to $ 24,258.86, which is the benefit that will generate the proposal and is greater than the initial investment that totals $ 14,857.50, demonstrating its sustainability and feasibility of the proposal
The objective of the titling work is: to analyze the restrictions in the production of rings or plastic spirals for binding, to design a proposal to improve productivity in the company B & B. To diagnose the current situation of this organization, we analyzed the manufacturing processes of plastic spirals for binding, using operations, block, plant, travel, Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams, with which they were identified as main problems Customer complaints, product defects, unscheduled shutdowns and limitations to supply customer demand, whose main causes are due to: machine failures due to maintenance limitations or voltage variations; Operational failures in the regulation of temperature, in the adjustment of molds and in the manipulation of the machinery; Nonconforming raw material, which in turn is caused by the capacity restrictions of the machinery, resulting in annual losses in the amount of $ 9,458.13. The proposal to face the problems was the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), choosing the solution alternative the acquisition of an automatic forming machine, to which is added the technical training of the human talent, with which, the installed capacity Of current production of 2,533 sheaths (hundreds) of monthly plastic spirals for binding will amount to 4,433.68, that is, a 75% increase in plant capacity, the total investment of the proposal amounts to $ 16,741.00, Of which the fixed investment corresponds to 90.20% ($ 14,857.50) and the operating costs are 9.80% ($ 1,613.50); Generating a Return Rate of Investment TIR is equal to 37.66% which is higher than 14.00% of the discount rate with which the investment is compared, a return on investment equal to 2 years 9 months, a Value Actual Net Income (NAV) amounts to $ 24,258.86, which is the benefit that will generate the proposal and is greater than the initial investment that totals $ 14,857.50, demonstrating its sustainability and feasibility of the proposal
Descripción
Este documento contiene archivo en PDF.
Palabras clave
SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS, RESTRICCIONES DE PRODUCCIÓN, MEJORA DE PRODUCTIVIDAD