Análisis espacial de concentraciones de metales pesados en agua y sedimentos en la Reserva Ecológica Manglares de Churute
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Varios trabajos previos han reportado sobre la contaminación por metales pesados en
afluentes de la provincia del Guayas. Con el objetivo de determinar las concentraciones de
metales pesados (Cd, Cr y Pb), en agua y sedimentos, en cuatro estaciones de la Reserva
Ecológica Manglares Churute (REMCH), se analizaron muestras del Canal de Matorrillos,
Boca de Álamos, Churute y Naranjal en los periodos del 2011 al 2013. Las muestras de
sedimento y agua se tomaron por triplicado y fueron analizadas por Espectrofotometría de
Absorción Atómica.
En cuanto a la concentración de metales en el agua, las estaciones Canal de Matorrillos,
Boca de Álamos, Churute y Naranjal se encuentran contaminadas por los elementos Cd y Pb,
debido a que las concentraciones están sobre los valores máximos permisibles (Cd>0,005
ppm y Pb>0,001 ppm). El Cr no superó los límites ni en agua ni en sedimentos, por lo que no
existe contaminación por este metal en la REMCH.
En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos en el sustrato sedimento se pudo determinar que las
estaciones Churute, Matorrillos, Álamos y Naranjal se encuentran contaminadas por el
elemento Cd en concentraciones de 7,104±3,294 ppm, 7,615±3,028 ppm, 11,081±2,206 ppm
y 13,655±1,312 ppm, respectivamente; y no tienen contaminación de los elementos Cr y Pb.
Al realizar el análisis comparativo espacial se establece que los Álamos tiene mayor
concentración de Cd y la estación Naranjal es la que se encuentra con mayor concentración
de Pb en agua, probablemente debido a su cercanía a asentamientos humanos, camaroneras y
minerías.
Pollution by heavy metal on the drainage system of the province of Guayas has been documented in several previous reports. The aim of this thesis was to detect the heavy metal concentration (Cd, Cr, and Pb) in water and sediments on four stations of the Manglares Churute Ecological Reserve (REMCH); for this purpose, samples of sediment and water from Canal de Matorrillos Boca de Álamos, Churute and Naranjal stations were analyzed between 2011 and 2013. Samples from those stations were collected thrice and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Regarding to the concentration of heavy metals in water, Cd and Pb exceed the maximum permissible levels for human health (Cd>0,005 ppm y Pb>0,001 ppm); therefore, the stations of Canal de Matorrillos, Boca de Álamos, Churute and Naranjal are regarded as polluted. As Cr concentration is under the maximum permissible level, it is concluded that there is no Cr pollution in REMCH. Data obtained from sediments suggest that Churute, Matorrillos, Álamos and Naranjal stations are polluted by Cd, having concentrations of 7,104±3,294 ppm, 7,615±3,028 ppm, 11,081±2,206 ppm y 13,655±1,312 ppm, respectively; meanwhile, pollution by Cr and Pb were no detected on the mentioned stations. A comparative analysis performed suggest that Los Álamos station has a higher concentration of Pb in water, probably due to the closeness of human settlements, shrimp farms and mining activity.
Pollution by heavy metal on the drainage system of the province of Guayas has been documented in several previous reports. The aim of this thesis was to detect the heavy metal concentration (Cd, Cr, and Pb) in water and sediments on four stations of the Manglares Churute Ecological Reserve (REMCH); for this purpose, samples of sediment and water from Canal de Matorrillos Boca de Álamos, Churute and Naranjal stations were analyzed between 2011 and 2013. Samples from those stations were collected thrice and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Regarding to the concentration of heavy metals in water, Cd and Pb exceed the maximum permissible levels for human health (Cd>0,005 ppm y Pb>0,001 ppm); therefore, the stations of Canal de Matorrillos, Boca de Álamos, Churute and Naranjal are regarded as polluted. As Cr concentration is under the maximum permissible level, it is concluded that there is no Cr pollution in REMCH. Data obtained from sediments suggest that Churute, Matorrillos, Álamos and Naranjal stations are polluted by Cd, having concentrations of 7,104±3,294 ppm, 7,615±3,028 ppm, 11,081±2,206 ppm y 13,655±1,312 ppm, respectively; meanwhile, pollution by Cr and Pb were no detected on the mentioned stations. A comparative analysis performed suggest that Los Álamos station has a higher concentration of Pb in water, probably due to the closeness of human settlements, shrimp farms and mining activity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AGUA, CADMIO, CONTAMINACIÓN, CROMO, PLOMO