Técnicas de diagnóstico para la detección de anticuerpos Trypanosoma cruzi en mujeres embarazadas del área No. 11 de la ciudad de Guayaquil 2011-2012
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2014
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El mal de Chagas es considerada la enfermedad de las Américas o Tripanosomiasis Americana. Se la conoce también como la enfermedad de los pobres ya que por lo general es detectada en zonas rurales. El agente vector de este parásito es conocido como chinchorro en nuestro medio,
chipo en Venezuela, chinche en Argentina. Se conoce varias formas de transmisión de este parásito: 1.-La vectorial que es transmitida por el insecto vector por medio de sus heces.
2.-Por contaminación de alimentos.
3.-Tranfunciones de sangre contaminada.
4.-La vertical que es la transmisión de la madre embarazada hacia el feto por
medio de la placenta. Existen varias técnicas de laboratorio para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos T. cruzi en el suero sanguíneo, desde pruebas directas que llevan un corto tiempo y aquellas que sus resultados tardan hasta un mes y se las considera confiables por su alta sensibilidad. En el siguiente trabajo se detectó la presencia del T. cruzi en sueros de mujeres embarazadas del Área N° 11 de la ciudad de Guayaquil procedentes en su
mayoría de zonas rurales. Se realizó durante los meses de Octubre del 2011 a Abril del 2012, aplicando las técnicas de laboratorio conocidas, como ELISA (Ensayo Inmunoenzimático), HAI (Hemaglutinación indirecta para la detección de anticuerpos) y una prueba confirmatoria IFI (Inmunofluorescencia). Se formaron grupos por edades durante estos meses, las edades comprendían entre 15 y 45 años.
Del grupo de 122 personas del mes de Febrero del 2012 se obtuvo dos casos positivos con valores para: 1.-ELISA (0,729), HAI (1:8).
2.-ELISA (1,46), HAI (1:64). La técnica de IFI como prueba confirmatoria es analizada mediante un aparato llamado Microscopio de Fluorescencia, donde los parásitos son observados y se analiza el grado de parasitemia. Las dos muestras positivas corresponden al 0,32 % del total de las 608 muestras de sueros sanguíneos analizadas.
Chagas disease is considered the Americas or American trypanosomiasis. It is also known as the disease of the poor and that usually is detected in rural areas. The vector agent this parasite is known as hammock in our environment, chipo in Venezuela, and bug in Argentina. Various modes of transmission of this parasite is known: 1.-The vector that is transmitted by the insect vector through their feces. 2. -food contamination. 3.-Tranfunciones contaminated blood. 4.-The vertical line is the transmission from pregnant mother to the fetus through the placenta. There are several laboratory techniques to detect the presence of antibodies T. cruzi in blood serum from direct evidence bearing a short time, until they take time and are considered reliable for its high sensitivity. In the next job was detected the presence of T. cruzi in sera of pregnant women in the Area N. - 11 in the city of Guayaquil mostly from rural areas. Carried out during the months of October 2011 to April 2012, applying the techniques of laboratory known as ELISA (Enzyme Immuno Assay), HAI (indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies) and a confirmatory test IFIS (Immuno fluorescence). Age groups were formed during these months, the ages ranged between 15 and 45. From the group of 122 people in the month of February 2012 with two positive cases values were obtained: 1.-ELISA (0,729), HAI (1:8). 2.-ELISA (1, 46), HAI (1:64). IIF technique as a confirmatory test is analyzed using a device called Fluorescence Microscope, where parasites are observed and the degree of parasitemia is analyzed. The two positive samples correspond to 0.32% of total 608 sera samples analyzed.
Chagas disease is considered the Americas or American trypanosomiasis. It is also known as the disease of the poor and that usually is detected in rural areas. The vector agent this parasite is known as hammock in our environment, chipo in Venezuela, and bug in Argentina. Various modes of transmission of this parasite is known: 1.-The vector that is transmitted by the insect vector through their feces. 2. -food contamination. 3.-Tranfunciones contaminated blood. 4.-The vertical line is the transmission from pregnant mother to the fetus through the placenta. There are several laboratory techniques to detect the presence of antibodies T. cruzi in blood serum from direct evidence bearing a short time, until they take time and are considered reliable for its high sensitivity. In the next job was detected the presence of T. cruzi in sera of pregnant women in the Area N. - 11 in the city of Guayaquil mostly from rural areas. Carried out during the months of October 2011 to April 2012, applying the techniques of laboratory known as ELISA (Enzyme Immuno Assay), HAI (indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies) and a confirmatory test IFIS (Immuno fluorescence). Age groups were formed during these months, the ages ranged between 15 and 45. From the group of 122 people in the month of February 2012 with two positive cases values were obtained: 1.-ELISA (0,729), HAI (1:8). 2.-ELISA (1, 46), HAI (1:64). IIF technique as a confirmatory test is analyzed using a device called Fluorescence Microscope, where parasites are observed and the degree of parasitemia is analyzed. The two positive samples correspond to 0.32% of total 608 sera samples analyzed.