Determinación de niveles de cadmio, níquel, cromo, plomo y mercurio en exocesqueleto, tejido blando, hepatopáncreas en la jaiba azul (Callinectes sp.) en el estero Matorrillos, río Guayas.
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2015
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Se realizaron dos muestreos durante los meses de abril y julio del año 2014 en el canal de Matorrillos, del estuario de río Guayas. Se examinaron 60 jaibas (Callinectes sp.). y se determinó la concentración de: Cadmio, Plomo, Cromo, Níquel, y Mercurio mediante espectrofotometría de absorción a llama en tres tipos de muestras: tejido blando, hepatopáncreas y exoesqueleto. En los análisis de los tres tejidos el Hg no registró valores detectables en sus concentraciones. El Tejido Blando acumuló concentraciones máximas de 1.10 mg/kg de Cd, 0.26 mg/kg de Cr, 1.00 mg/kg del Ni, 0.79 mg/kg de, Pb. El Hepatopáncreas presentó concentraciones máximas de Cd de 2.61 mg/kg, de Cr 0.30 mg/kg, de Ni 1.90 mg/kg, de Pb 0.80 mg/kg. El Exoesqueleto registró concentraciones de 6.15 mg/kg de Cd, no fue detectable para el Cr, 0.51 mg/kg de Ni, 1.28 mg/kg de Pb. El enfoque comparativo indicó que el Cd presenta en el tejido blando 0.68 mg/kg, hepatopáncreas 1.80 mg/kg y exoesqueleto 5.82 mg/kg, todos estos valores por encima de los LMP según la norma UE que es de 0.5 mg/kg y de la NOM que es de 1.0 mg/kg. El Cr en tejido blando presentó valores de 0.22 mg/kg, hepatopáncreas: 0.21 mg/kg todos por encima del LMP por la FDA, que es de 1.2 mg/kg. En Ni se cuantificaron valores promedios de 0.57 mg/kg. En tejido blando, 0.85 mg/kg, en hepatopáncreas y de 0.42 mg/kg; en exoesqueleto están por debajo
del LMP según EPA, de 0.20 mg/kg. EL Pb presentó promedios de concentraciones en tejido blando de 0.49 mg/kg, hepatopáncreas 0.43 mg/kg; los de exoesqueleto 1.318 mg/kg están por encima de los LMP según la FDA que es de 1.7 mg/kg. y UE 0.5 mg/kg.. El Cr en el exoesqueleto no presentó concentraciones dentro de los rangos de
detectabilidad.
Two samplings were conducted during the months of April and July 2014 in the channel Matorrillos, Guayas River estuary. 60 crabs (Callinectes sp.) Were examined. and the concentration was determined: cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury by flame absorption spectrophotometry three types of samples: soft tissue, hepatopancreas and exoskeleton. In the analysis of the Hg three tissues showed no detectable levels in their concentrations. The maximum accumulated Soft Tissue concentrations of 1.10 mg / kg Cd, 0.26 mg / kg of Cr, 1.00 mg / kg of Ni, 0.79 mg / kg, Pb. The maximum concentrations presented Hepatopancreas Cd 2.61 mg / kg, 0.30 mg Cr / kg, 1.90 mg Ni / kg, 0.80 mg Pb / kg. The concentrations recorded Exoskeleton 6.15 mg / kg Cd, it was not detectable for Cr, 0.51 mg / kg of Ni, 1.28 mg / kg of Pb. The comparative approach indicated that the Cd presented in soft 0.68 mg / kg tissue hepatopancreas 1.80 mg / kg and exoskeleton 5.82 mg / kg, these values over the LMP according to EU standard is 0.5 mg / kg and NOM which is 1.0 mg / kg. Cr in the soft tissue had values of 0.22 mg / kg, hepatopancreas: 0.21 mg / kg all over the LMP by FDA, which is 1.2 mg / kg. Ni average values of 0.57 mg / kg were measured. In soft tissue, 0.85 mg / kg, in hepatopancreas and 0.42 mg / kg; in exoskeleton they are below the MPL according to EPA, of 0.20 mg / kg. Pb averages presented in soft tissue concentrations of 0.49 mg / kg, hepatopancreas 0.43 mg / kg; the exoskeleton 1,318 mg / kg are above the LMP as the FDA is 1.7 mg / kg. EU and 0.5 mg / kg. The Cr in the exoskeleton not presented concentrations within the range of detectability.
Two samplings were conducted during the months of April and July 2014 in the channel Matorrillos, Guayas River estuary. 60 crabs (Callinectes sp.) Were examined. and the concentration was determined: cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and mercury by flame absorption spectrophotometry three types of samples: soft tissue, hepatopancreas and exoskeleton. In the analysis of the Hg three tissues showed no detectable levels in their concentrations. The maximum accumulated Soft Tissue concentrations of 1.10 mg / kg Cd, 0.26 mg / kg of Cr, 1.00 mg / kg of Ni, 0.79 mg / kg, Pb. The maximum concentrations presented Hepatopancreas Cd 2.61 mg / kg, 0.30 mg Cr / kg, 1.90 mg Ni / kg, 0.80 mg Pb / kg. The concentrations recorded Exoskeleton 6.15 mg / kg Cd, it was not detectable for Cr, 0.51 mg / kg of Ni, 1.28 mg / kg of Pb. The comparative approach indicated that the Cd presented in soft 0.68 mg / kg tissue hepatopancreas 1.80 mg / kg and exoskeleton 5.82 mg / kg, these values over the LMP according to EU standard is 0.5 mg / kg and NOM which is 1.0 mg / kg. Cr in the soft tissue had values of 0.22 mg / kg, hepatopancreas: 0.21 mg / kg all over the LMP by FDA, which is 1.2 mg / kg. Ni average values of 0.57 mg / kg were measured. In soft tissue, 0.85 mg / kg, in hepatopancreas and 0.42 mg / kg; in exoskeleton they are below the MPL according to EPA, of 0.20 mg / kg. Pb averages presented in soft tissue concentrations of 0.49 mg / kg, hepatopancreas 0.43 mg / kg; the exoskeleton 1,318 mg / kg are above the LMP as the FDA is 1.7 mg / kg. EU and 0.5 mg / kg. The Cr in the exoskeleton not presented concentrations within the range of detectability.
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Callinectes spp, Cadmio, Cromo, Niquel, Plomo, Mercurio