Efectos de la contaminación acústica en la vía Durán-Tambo km 4,5 cantón Durán-Ecuador
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó la contaminación acústica de la Vía Durán-Tambo Km 4.5 a 5.5, cantón Durán en la provincia del Guayas, durante el 27 de Septiembre del 2016 al 30 de Septiembre del 2016, dividiendo la vía en cinco puntos de monitoreo de ruido. Se realizaron encuestas, conteo vehicular y se diseñaron mapas de ruido. Los monitoreos en el área de estudio se los realizó en horarios donde el flujo vehicular es más elevado siendo la jornada matutina de 7:00 am a 9:00 am, la jornada del vespertina de 12:00 pm a 14:00 pm y la jornada nocturna de 17:00 pm a 19:00 pm.
Los equipos y métodos utilizados en este proyecto cumplieron los parámetros establecidos en la legislación ambiental vigente, dándonos un total de ochenta y cuatro mediciones puntuales de ruido, obteniendo como resultado que el nivel más alto de ruido marcado es de 75,73 dB perteneciente al punto 3 y el nivel más bajo obtenido es de 51,50 del punto AI1 (área de influencia indirecta). Los mapas de ruido generados con el software Arcgis 10.3. evidenciaron que los puntos 2, 3 y 4 son los que presentan una tendencia alta de la intensidad del ruido en el área de estudio presentándose de esta manera como un potencial efecto de la contaminación acústica en la zona. Los niveles altos generados se los relaciona directamente con el tráfico vehicular, las alteraciones mecánicas de los vehículos y el uso indebido del claxón.
Se presentan recomendaciones y propuestas para reducir la intensidad de este contaminante en el área. Además este trabajo de investigación supone ser el primer informe bibliográfico de contaminación acústica, del conteo del movimiento vehicular y la presentación de mapas de tendencia de ruido del área como guía
didáctico de futuras investigaciones.
In the present work research the noise pollution of the Duran-Tambo highway was assessed Km 4.5 to 5.5, Durán canton in the province of Guayas, this was done from September 27, 2016 to September 30, 2016, setting the track into five points noise monitoring. Surveys and vehicles count were performed and noise maps were designed. The monitoring in the study area was performed at different times where traffic flow is higher, in the morning session from 7:00 am to 9:00 am, the afternoon time of 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. and the evening shift from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. The equipment and methods used in this project accomplished the parameters set in the current environmental legislation, giving a total of eighty-four points marks of noise, resulting in the highest level tagged of 75.73 dB noise which belongs to the point 3 and the lowest level obtained was 51.50 point AI1 (indirect influence area). Noise maps generated with 10.3 Arcgis software. Showed that sections 2, 3 and 4 are those with a high tendency of noise intensity in the study area thus appearing as a potential effect of noise pollution in the area. The generated high levels are directly related to the vehicles traffic, vehicles mechanical alterations and the abuse of the horn. Recommendations and proposals to reduce the intensity of this pollutant in the area are presented. Also this research is supposed to be the first literature report of noise pollution, vehicles count movement and presentation of noise maps tendency of the area as a teaching guide future research.
In the present work research the noise pollution of the Duran-Tambo highway was assessed Km 4.5 to 5.5, Durán canton in the province of Guayas, this was done from September 27, 2016 to September 30, 2016, setting the track into five points noise monitoring. Surveys and vehicles count were performed and noise maps were designed. The monitoring in the study area was performed at different times where traffic flow is higher, in the morning session from 7:00 am to 9:00 am, the afternoon time of 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. and the evening shift from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. The equipment and methods used in this project accomplished the parameters set in the current environmental legislation, giving a total of eighty-four points marks of noise, resulting in the highest level tagged of 75.73 dB noise which belongs to the point 3 and the lowest level obtained was 51.50 point AI1 (indirect influence area). Noise maps generated with 10.3 Arcgis software. Showed that sections 2, 3 and 4 are those with a high tendency of noise intensity in the study area thus appearing as a potential effect of noise pollution in the area. The generated high levels are directly related to the vehicles traffic, vehicles mechanical alterations and the abuse of the horn. Recommendations and proposals to reduce the intensity of this pollutant in the area are presented. Also this research is supposed to be the first literature report of noise pollution, vehicles count movement and presentation of noise maps tendency of the area as a teaching guide future research.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MONITOREO DE RUIDO, CONTAMINACIÓN ACUSTICA, FLUJO VEHICULAR, MAPAS DE RUIDO