Obtención de un Alelopático para uso veterinario a partir del aceite de la semilla de Almendrón (Terminalia catappa)
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2016-12
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La semilla de almendrón (Terminalia catappa l.) pertenece a la familia Combretaceae, el árbol es nativo del sur este de Asia, llegando hasta Australia y Polinesia. Es conocido como almendro de la India, almendra de Malabar y almendra tropical. Se realizó la recolección de 1230 g de semillas de almendrón que se sometieron previamente a un proceso de secado a temperatura de 60⁰C, con una velocidad de secado de 1,20 Kg/m2h, se obtuvo el aceite mediante el proceso de extracción solidoliquido con alcohol isopropílico, se consiguió un rendimiento de 60,53 %. Próximo a la extracción se realizó la recuperación del solvente empleado (alcohol isopropílico) en el rotavapor a una temperatura de 83 ºC, con una presión de 0,6 BAR y 60 rpm. Se realizaron análisis de calidad del aceite y se determinó un Índice de yodo 33,36 gl2/100 g y peróxido 3,52 meq O2/Kg. Se dosificó 4 ml de glicerina, 200μl de aceite de semilla de almendrón y 20 ml de agua destilada para elaborar el compuesto alelopático. Se realizaron pruebas de control de mortalidad en las garrapatas de la especie Rhipicephalus microplus con una sustancia de control (amitraz) y cuatro pruebas con la dosificación del compuesto alelopático. La primera dosis suministrada fue de 50 μl, la segunda 100 μl,
la tercera de 150 μl, y la cuarta dosis de 200 μl. Se desarrolló la concentración óptima del alelopático, se envasó en un frasco ámbar de 10 ml se y etiquetó como producto final.
The almendrón seed (Terminalia catappa l.) belongs to the family Combretaceae, the tree is native to the south east of Asia, arriving to Australia and Polynesia. It is known as Indian almond, Malabar almond and tropical almond. A total of 1230 g of almond seed were harvested, which were previously subjected to a drying process at 60 ° C, with a drying rate of 1.20 kg / m2h. The oil was obtained by the solid-liquid extraction process With isopropyl alcohol yielded a yield of 60.53%. Next to the extraction the solvent used (isopropyl alcohol) was recovered in the rotavapor at a temperature of 83 ºC, with a pressure of 0.6 BAR and 60 rpm. Oil quality analyzes were performed and an iodine content of 33.36 gl 2/100 g and peroxide 3.52 meq O 2 / kg was determined. 4 ml of glycerin, 200 μl of almond seed oil and 20 ml of distilled water were dosed to make the allelopathic compound. Mortality control tests were carried out on the ticks of the species Rhipicephalus microplus with one control substance (amitraz) and four tests with the dosage of the allelopathic compound. The first dose given was 50 μl, the second 100 μl, the third dose 150 μl, and the fourth dose was 200 μl. The optimum allelopathic concentration was developed, packed in a 10 ml amber flask and labeled as final product.
The almendrón seed (Terminalia catappa l.) belongs to the family Combretaceae, the tree is native to the south east of Asia, arriving to Australia and Polynesia. It is known as Indian almond, Malabar almond and tropical almond. A total of 1230 g of almond seed were harvested, which were previously subjected to a drying process at 60 ° C, with a drying rate of 1.20 kg / m2h. The oil was obtained by the solid-liquid extraction process With isopropyl alcohol yielded a yield of 60.53%. Next to the extraction the solvent used (isopropyl alcohol) was recovered in the rotavapor at a temperature of 83 ºC, with a pressure of 0.6 BAR and 60 rpm. Oil quality analyzes were performed and an iodine content of 33.36 gl 2/100 g and peroxide 3.52 meq O 2 / kg was determined. 4 ml of glycerin, 200 μl of almond seed oil and 20 ml of distilled water were dosed to make the allelopathic compound. Mortality control tests were carried out on the ticks of the species Rhipicephalus microplus with one control substance (amitraz) and four tests with the dosage of the allelopathic compound. The first dose given was 50 μl, the second 100 μl, the third dose 150 μl, and the fourth dose was 200 μl. The optimum allelopathic concentration was developed, packed in a 10 ml amber flask and labeled as final product.
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Semilla de almendrón, Terminalia catappa, Alelopático l., Rhipicephalus, garrapaticida