Identificación, distribución y diversidad de anfípodos Antárticos recolectados durante el verano Austral de 2008 en la zona Mesolitoral de la ensenada Guayaquil y Punta fort Williams (Antártida)
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2010
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Biología
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Los anfípodos constituyen el mayor grupo dentro de los peracáridos con más de 6000 especies distribuidas en unas 100 familias.La mayoría son marinos pero hay algunos dulceacuícolas y una familia de formas terrestres. Entre los anfípodos,los gammáridos son los más comunes; se los encuentra principalmente en el fondo, aunque algunos nadan muchas veces(Barnes,1996),por lo tanto son esencialmente bentónicos,habitantes de sustratos duros o semiduros con cubierta de algas o entre pozas de marea y acompañados de mitílidos.(Escofet, 1973) Presentan una distribución geográfica cosmopolita siendo hallados desde los polos hasta los trópicos,a grandes profundidades en el océano, en agua dulce e incluso en la tierra.Los crustáceos peracáridos y principalmente los anfípodos constituyen en los mares australes un muy común y siempre diverso componente dentro de las comunidades bentónicas.Los anfípodos también aparecen en las comunidades neríticas y oceánicas de aquellos mares. Tanto los anfípodos pelágicos como los bentónicos forman un recurso trófico importante para los peces antárticos y subantárticos, así como para las aves.(De Broyer, 1996) Dentro del ecosistema tienen gran importancia debido a sus hábitos alimenticios ya que algunos son carroñeros de carne, (Barnes, 1996) aunque algunos suelen ser ectoparásitos. El siguiente trabajo está enfocado en la identificación de diversas especies de anfípodos antárticos procedentes del crucero realizado por la tripulación del buque Orión en el verano austral del 2008.Este estudio es una contribución al conocimiento de la fauna anfipodológica realizado como parte del estudio de las comunidades macrobentónicas de la península Antártida,específicamente en la isla Greenwich ayudando a tener un conocimiento más amplio de la diversidad de especies presentes en los sitios correspondientes a esta investigación,así como su distribución dentro de las áreas de muestreo.
The amphipods are the largest group within peracarids over 6000 species distributed in about 100 familias.La Most are marine but some freshwater and terrestrial forms a family.Among the amphipods,the gammarids are the most common,are found mainly in the background,although some swim many times Barnes,1996),therefore essentially benthic inhabitants of hard or semi-hard substrates with algae cover or between pools tide and accompanied by mussels.( Escofet,1973) They have a cosmopolitan geographic distribution being found from the poles to the tropics, at great depths in the ocean,in fresh water and even in the tierra.Los mainly crustaceans and amphipods peracarids are in the southern seas a really common and always different component within amphipods bentónicas.Los communities also appear in neritic and oceanic communities of those seas . Both pelagic and the benthic amphipods form an important trophic resource for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fish as well as birds.(De Broyer,1996) Within the ecosystem are of great importance due to their eating habits as some are scavengers of meat,(Barnes,1996),although some are usually ectoparasites.The following work is focused on the identification of various species of Antarctic amphipods from the cruise made by the crew of the ship Orion in the austral summer of 2008.Este study is a contribution to the knowledge of the fauna anfipodológica study conducted as part of community macrobenthic Antarctic peninsula , specifically in helping Greenwich Island have a broader knowledge of the diversity of species present at the sites corresponding to this research,as well as their distribution within the sampling areas .
The amphipods are the largest group within peracarids over 6000 species distributed in about 100 familias.La Most are marine but some freshwater and terrestrial forms a family.Among the amphipods,the gammarids are the most common,are found mainly in the background,although some swim many times Barnes,1996),therefore essentially benthic inhabitants of hard or semi-hard substrates with algae cover or between pools tide and accompanied by mussels.( Escofet,1973) They have a cosmopolitan geographic distribution being found from the poles to the tropics, at great depths in the ocean,in fresh water and even in the tierra.Los mainly crustaceans and amphipods peracarids are in the southern seas a really common and always different component within amphipods bentónicas.Los communities also appear in neritic and oceanic communities of those seas . Both pelagic and the benthic amphipods form an important trophic resource for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fish as well as birds.(De Broyer,1996) Within the ecosystem are of great importance due to their eating habits as some are scavengers of meat,(Barnes,1996),although some are usually ectoparasites.The following work is focused on the identification of various species of Antarctic amphipods from the cruise made by the crew of the ship Orion in the austral summer of 2008.Este study is a contribution to the knowledge of the fauna anfipodológica study conducted as part of community macrobenthic Antarctic peninsula , specifically in helping Greenwich Island have a broader knowledge of the diversity of species present at the sites corresponding to this research,as well as their distribution within the sampling areas .
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CRUTÁCEOS, ANIMALES ACUÁTICOS, ECOSISTEMA