Hemorragia postparto, factores de riesgo y complicaciones, estudio a realizar en el Hospital Provincial Martín Icaza de la ciudad de Babahoyo durante el período 2014-2015
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La hemorragia postparto es la complicación obstétrica más temida en las
salas de urgencia de los hospitales y a nivel mundial constituye una de las
primeras causas de mortalidad materna. Las causas incluyen atonía
uterina, traumas, retención de productos de la concepción y trastornos de
la coagulación de la coagulación. El diagnóstico es clínico y se puede
evitar si se realiza medidas de prevención activa en la fase de
alumbramiento de todos los partos. El propósito de esta investigación fue
determinar la incidencia de la hemorragia severa post-parto en el en el
periodo 2014-2015. El presente estudio fue de tipo descriptivo,
retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se analizó todos los pacientes
atendidos en el servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Provincial
Martin Icaza entre el 1 de enero del 2014 hasta el 31 de diciembre del
2015. La categoría de 19-40 años de edad predominó con el 56% (37
pacientes) y la edad media fue de 34 años. El cantón Baba representó el
38% (25 pacientes), de la cual el 75% (50 pacientes) procedían de área
rural. La edad gestacional promedio fue de 37 semanas. El grupo de
pacientes con edad gestacional > 38 semanas predominó con el 82% (55
pacientes). El 82% (55 pacientes) presentó hemorragia severa,
obteniéndose un índice de mortalidad del 4% (3). Los principales factores
de riesgo fueron la edad materna avanzada (30%) y la Multiparidad (23%).
El antecedente de trabajo de parto prolongado (60%) y la Retención
placentaria (12%) fueron las etiologías más frecuentes en nuestra serie de
pacientes. El parto vaginal (74% (50 pacientes) fue la vía de culminación
de la gestación más común. El riesgo de hemorragia postparto es
directamente proporcional a los antecedentes patológicos personales y
factores de riesgo asociados.
Postpartum bleeding is the most feared complication in obstetric emergency rooms of hospitals worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Causes include uterine atony, trauma, retained products of conception and clotting disorders clotting. The diagnosis is clinical and can be avoided if active prevention measures is done in the phase of delivery of all births. The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage in the period 2014-2015. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective. all patients seen in Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of the Provincial Hospital Martin Icaza between 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2015. The category of 19-40 years old prevailed with 56% (37 patients analyzed ) and the mean age was 34 years. The Baba canton accounted for 38% (25 patients), of which 75% (50 patients) were from rural areas. The average gestational age was 37 weeks. The group of patients with gestational> 38 weeks old prevailed with 82% (55 patients). 82% (55 patients) had severe bleeding, resulting in a mortality rate of 4% (3). The main risk factors were advanced maternal age (30%) and Multiparity (23%). The history of prolonged labor (60%) and placental retention (12%) were the most frequent etiologies in our series of patients. Vaginal delivery (74% (50 patients) was the way of completion of the most common pregnancy. The risk of postpartum hemorrhage is directly proportional to the personal medical history and risk factors associated. .
Postpartum bleeding is the most feared complication in obstetric emergency rooms of hospitals worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Causes include uterine atony, trauma, retained products of conception and clotting disorders clotting. The diagnosis is clinical and can be avoided if active prevention measures is done in the phase of delivery of all births. The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage in the period 2014-2015. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective. all patients seen in Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of the Provincial Hospital Martin Icaza between 1 January 2014 until 31 December 2015. The category of 19-40 years old prevailed with 56% (37 patients analyzed ) and the mean age was 34 years. The Baba canton accounted for 38% (25 patients), of which 75% (50 patients) were from rural areas. The average gestational age was 37 weeks. The group of patients with gestational> 38 weeks old prevailed with 82% (55 patients). 82% (55 patients) had severe bleeding, resulting in a mortality rate of 4% (3). The main risk factors were advanced maternal age (30%) and Multiparity (23%). The history of prolonged labor (60%) and placental retention (12%) were the most frequent etiologies in our series of patients. Vaginal delivery (74% (50 patients) was the way of completion of the most common pregnancy. The risk of postpartum hemorrhage is directly proportional to the personal medical history and risk factors associated. .
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hemorragia posparto, Complicaciones, Factores de riesgo, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos