Nefropatía diabética, caracterización clínico epidemiológica estudio a realizarse en Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil durante el 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Este estudio se realizó cumpliendo con el objetivo principal de caracterizar la
Nefropatía Diabética a partir de dos categorías: clínica y epidemiológica. Es una
investigación de tipo descriptiva retrospectiva cuya muestra está constituida por un
número de 248 pacientes atendidos en la consulta externa del Hospital Universitario de
Guayaquil en las áreas de nefrología con diagnóstico de Nefropatía Diabética durante el
2015. Utilizando el análisis documental a partir de la anamnesis y de las historias
clínicas, los exámenes de laboratorio y todo procedimiento diagnóstico realizado en los
pacientes reportados en el sistema de información del hospital.
Con los resultados de este estudio se puede caracterizar a estos pacientes desde
variables clínicas, donde se evidencia una mayor prevalencia en un 84% de nefropatía
en aquellos que poseen un diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus tipo II lo que
coincide con otros estudios (Bakris, 2016). Asimismo existe un 85% de estos que
concurren con Hipertensión Arterial y Proteinuria, un 70% presentan rangos de
proteínas englobados en macroalbuminuria y un 45% se presentan en el IV estadío de
la enfermedad.
Del mismo modo caracterizarlos a partir de variables epidemiológicas, en el que existe
una gran concurrencia de pacientes en un 47% en grupos etarios comprendidos entre los
41 – 60 años lo que coincide con estudios anteriores (PAHO, 2014). Además una
prevalencia del 70% en pacientes de sexo femenino, el 67% provenientes del área rural,
con una mayor predisposición en un 53% de pacientes mestizos.
This study was made complying with the object to characterize the Diabetic Nephropathy from two categories: clinic and epidemiologic. It’s an descriptive, retrospective investigation which sample is constituted by 248 patients atended in the external consultation of the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil in the Nephrology area with Diabetic Nephropathy diagnostic during year 2015. Using the documentary analysis starting from the anamnesis and the clinic histories, the laboratory tests and all diagnostic procedure performed to the reported patients in the hospital information system. From the results of this study is possible to characterize to these patients from clinic variables, which show the prevalence of 84% of nephropathy in those persons which have a diagnostic before Diabetes Mellitus type II which agree with other studies (Bakris, 2016). Likewise exists 85% that ocur with Arterial Hipertension and Proteinuria, 70% show ranges of proteins encompassed in macroalbuminuria and 45% appears in the fourth phase of the illness. In the same way to characterize them starting from epidemiologic variables, where exists a big patient concurrence in 47% in age groups included among 41-60 years rhich is consistent with previous studies (PAHO, 2014). Besides a prevalence of 70% in female patients, 67% from rural áreas, with a higher predisposition of 53% in half blood patients.
This study was made complying with the object to characterize the Diabetic Nephropathy from two categories: clinic and epidemiologic. It’s an descriptive, retrospective investigation which sample is constituted by 248 patients atended in the external consultation of the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil in the Nephrology area with Diabetic Nephropathy diagnostic during year 2015. Using the documentary analysis starting from the anamnesis and the clinic histories, the laboratory tests and all diagnostic procedure performed to the reported patients in the hospital information system. From the results of this study is possible to characterize to these patients from clinic variables, which show the prevalence of 84% of nephropathy in those persons which have a diagnostic before Diabetes Mellitus type II which agree with other studies (Bakris, 2016). Likewise exists 85% that ocur with Arterial Hipertension and Proteinuria, 70% show ranges of proteins encompassed in macroalbuminuria and 45% appears in the fourth phase of the illness. In the same way to characterize them starting from epidemiologic variables, where exists a big patient concurrence in 47% in age groups included among 41-60 years rhich is consistent with previous studies (PAHO, 2014). Besides a prevalence of 70% in female patients, 67% from rural áreas, with a higher predisposition of 53% in half blood patients.
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Palabras clave
Nefropatía diabética, Diabetes mellitus, Enfermedad renal crónica, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador