Determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro del extracto de Aphelandra guayasii Wassh
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro del extracto alcohólico de las hojas de Aphelandra guayasii Wassh mediante ensayos de inhibición de crecimiento de cepas de P. aeruginosa, S. aureus y E. coli. Para este estudio se recogieron las hojas en el Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco y las cepas bacterianas empleadas fueron proporcionadas por el Dr. Henry Parra, las cuales eran P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 25923 y E. coli ATCC 25922. Se realizó la extracción alcohólica por método de lixiviación y se sacó la concentración de metabolitos secundarios presentes. El tamizaje fitoquímico dio positivo para alcaloides en mayor proporción, mientras que cumarinas, taninos, glicósidos y flavonoides en menor proporción. Los resultados microbiológicos arrojaron información que denotó la sensibilidad de S. aureus y E. coli a 4000 ppm de extracto alcohólico, siendo la concentración inhibitoria mínima; mientras que no tuvo resultados favorables para P. aeruginosa, siendo resistente a la concentración de extracto, ocasionando su crecimiento en los pocillos produciendo botón y en agar chocolate y sangre. Para la verificación del crecimiento bacteriano se realizaron siembras en agar sangre y chocolate, confirmando la actividad antimicrobiana a 4000 ppm para las cepas de S. aureus y E. coli. Se realizó este estudio con la finalidad de encontrar nuevas alternativas para enfermedades ocasionadas por estos microorganismos, para evitar en lo mayor posible el empleo de muchos antibióticos o a su vez antibióticos de mayor generación, ocasionando daños colaterales en los tratamientos.
The objective of this research was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Aphelandra guayasii Wassh by assays of inhibition of growth of strains of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli. For this study the leaves were harvested in Cerro Blanco Protective Forest and the bacterial strains employed were provided by Dr. Henry Parra, which were P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The alcoholic extraction was performed by means of leaching and found the concentration of secondary metabolites present. Phytochemical screening proved positive for alkaloids in a higher proportion, while coumarins, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids were less frequent. The microbiological results showed information that denoted the sensitivity of S. aureus and E. coli to 4000 ppm of alcoholic extract, being the minimum inhibitory concentration; where as it did not have favorable results for P. aeruginosa, being resistant to the concentration of extract, causing its growth in the wells producing button and chocolate and blood agar. For the verification of bacterial growth, sowings were performed on blood and chocolate agar, confirming the antimicrobial activity at 4000 ppm for strains of S. aureus and E. coli. The aim of this study was to find new alternatives for diseases caused by these microorganisms, in order to avoid as much as possible the use of many antibiotics or, in turn, higher generation antibiotics, causing collateral damages in the treatments.
The objective of this research was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Aphelandra guayasii Wassh by assays of inhibition of growth of strains of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli. For this study the leaves were harvested in Cerro Blanco Protective Forest and the bacterial strains employed were provided by Dr. Henry Parra, which were P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The alcoholic extraction was performed by means of leaching and found the concentration of secondary metabolites present. Phytochemical screening proved positive for alkaloids in a higher proportion, while coumarins, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids were less frequent. The microbiological results showed information that denoted the sensitivity of S. aureus and E. coli to 4000 ppm of alcoholic extract, being the minimum inhibitory concentration; where as it did not have favorable results for P. aeruginosa, being resistant to the concentration of extract, causing its growth in the wells producing button and chocolate and blood agar. For the verification of bacterial growth, sowings were performed on blood and chocolate agar, confirming the antimicrobial activity at 4000 ppm for strains of S. aureus and E. coli. The aim of this study was to find new alternatives for diseases caused by these microorganisms, in order to avoid as much as possible the use of many antibiotics or, in turn, higher generation antibiotics, causing collateral damages in the treatments.
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APHELANDRA GUAYASII, P. AERUGINOSA, S. AUREUS, E. COLI, CONCENTRACIÓN MÍNIMA INHIBITORIA