Evaluación del cultivo de achojcha Cyclanthera pedata L. Schard con una combinación de sustratos bajo el sistema hidropónico
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La investigación, se la realizó en la comunidad “Las Jaguas”, localizadas en
el cantón Rocafuerte de la Provincia de Manabí a 0°55”06’de latitud sur y a
80°26”10’ de longitud oeste y el lugar donde se llevó a cabo el experimento
de campo, fue de topografía irregular, según la escala de Holdrige, la cual la
identifica como una formación de bosque tropical seco, siendo el objetivo de
generar alternativas tecnológicas para la producción de hortalizas con
tecnologías hidropónicas, para ello determinando cuál es la mejor
combinación de los sustratos para el cultivo de achogcha, empleándose
varios de ellos, (suelo, suelo + cascarilla de maní, suelo + cascarilla de arroz
y maní, arena + cascarilla de maní + suelo). Para ello se empleó un diseño
experimental, Bloques completamente al Azar, con cuatro repeticiones y sus
resultados fueron verificados por medio de la prueba de Tukey al 5% de
probabilidad, donde los resultados concluyeron que la aplicación del sustrato
de arena + cascarilla de arroz y maní mostró la mayor respuesta agronómica
y de producción en el cultivo de achogcha en todas las variables estudiadas,
tal es el caso de la longitud de guía con 3.21 m. En tanto que en el diámetro
del tallo lo registró con 1.85 cm y en el diámetro del fruto con 4.83 cm para
este sustrato. De igual forma se evidenció que este sustrato produjo 13 frutos
por planta, con peso promedio de 49.39 gramos y una producción por
hectárea equivalente a 13.000 kg, evidenciando la notable respuesta de esta
metodología hidropónica que se está utilizando en la actualidad, dada sus
técnicas productivas y respuestas agronómicas. En lo referente al cálculo
económico se evidenció que la utilización del sustrato de arena + cascarilla
de arroz y maní registró una tasa de retorno marginal equivalente a
17.766,66%.
The research was carried out in the "Las Jaguas" community, located in the Rocafuerte canton of the Province of Manabí at 0 ° 55 '06' south latitude and 80 ° 26 '10' west longitude and the place where it was carried The field experiment was of irregular topography, according to the Holdrige scale, which identifies it as a dry tropical forest formation, with the aim of generating technological alternatives for the production of vegetables with hydroponic technologies, for this purpose determining which (Soil, soil + peanut shell, soil + rice husk and peanut, sand + peanut husk + soil) is the best combination of the substrates for the cultivation of pinworms. For this, an experimental design, Blouse Comple al Azar, with four replications was used and its results were verified by means of the Tukey test at 5% probability, where the results concluded that the application of the sand substrate + rice husk and Peanut showed the greatest agronomic and production response in the pinch crop in all studied variables, such as the guide length with 3.21 m. The diameter of the stem was recorded at 1.85 cm and the diameter of the fruit was 4.83 cm for this substrate. It was evidenced that this substrate produced 13 fruits per plant, with an average weight of 49.39 grams and a production per hectare equivalent to 13,000 kg, evidencing the remarkable response of this hydroponic methodology that is being used today, given its productive techniques And agronomic responses. Regarding the economic calculation, it was evidenced that the use of sand substrate + husk of rice and pean had a marginal rate of return equivalent to 17,766.66%.
The research was carried out in the "Las Jaguas" community, located in the Rocafuerte canton of the Province of Manabí at 0 ° 55 '06' south latitude and 80 ° 26 '10' west longitude and the place where it was carried The field experiment was of irregular topography, according to the Holdrige scale, which identifies it as a dry tropical forest formation, with the aim of generating technological alternatives for the production of vegetables with hydroponic technologies, for this purpose determining which (Soil, soil + peanut shell, soil + rice husk and peanut, sand + peanut husk + soil) is the best combination of the substrates for the cultivation of pinworms. For this, an experimental design, Blouse Comple al Azar, with four replications was used and its results were verified by means of the Tukey test at 5% probability, where the results concluded that the application of the sand substrate + rice husk and Peanut showed the greatest agronomic and production response in the pinch crop in all studied variables, such as the guide length with 3.21 m. The diameter of the stem was recorded at 1.85 cm and the diameter of the fruit was 4.83 cm for this substrate. It was evidenced that this substrate produced 13 fruits per plant, with an average weight of 49.39 grams and a production per hectare equivalent to 13,000 kg, evidencing the remarkable response of this hydroponic methodology that is being used today, given its productive techniques And agronomic responses. Regarding the economic calculation, it was evidenced that the use of sand substrate + husk of rice and pean had a marginal rate of return equivalent to 17,766.66%.
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Palabras clave
RENDIMIENTO, COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONOMICO, ANALISIS ECONOMICO, CULTIVO DE ACHOJCHA, SISTEMA HIDROPONICO