Efecto de biohealth Cepas de Trichoderma harzianum y bacillus subtilis sobre enfermedades fungosas en el cultivo de arroz Oryza sativa L.
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
En Ecuador uno de los cultivos de importancia económica es el arroz, y este es afectado por
diferentes tipos de hongos que ocasionan daños económicos y por tanto hace que los costos de
producción sean elevados. Entre ellos se citan a Rhizoctonia spp. Gaeumannomyces graminis var.
Graminis, Sarocladium oryzae. Ustilaginoidea virens y varios asociados con el manchado de grano.
Los objetivos específicos de la presente investigación fueron: 1) Determinar el efecto de Biohealth
sobre la incidencia y severidad de patógenos de tallos en el cultivo de arroz var. SFL-011, 2)
Determinar el efecto de Biohealth sobre la incidencia y severidad de patógenos de la panícula y
grano en el cultivo de arroz var. SFL 011.
La investigación se realizó a salida de la época lluviosa y se cosechó en época seca y estuvo ubicada
en el Proyecto Plan América Lomas sector Dos. Se estudiaron seis tratamientos y cuatro
repeticiones; los datos fueron analizados en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar. En los cinco primeros tratamientos se usó 5 gramos/m 2 de Biohealth al semillero después de ocho
días de la siembra; las cuatro dosis aplicadas en campo (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50kg/ha) se realizaron a
los 20 y 45 días después del trasplante. En el tratamiento testigo químico en uso de Silvacur +
Carbendazin 0.75-0.50 L/ha a los 45 días después de trasplante, también se uso un testigo absoluto.
La menor incidencia de tallos infectados por Rhizoctonia solani, fue con la dosis de 1,5
kg/ha de Biohealth; mientras que Gaeumannomyces graminis.var graminis fue en el testigo
químico, seguido del tratamiento Biohealth 1.5 kg/ha.La dosis más eficaz para el control de
manchado del grano, fue Biohealth 1.5kg/ha.
No hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos sobre el control de Sarocladium
oryzae, aunque la menor infección de observó con Biohealth 0.75kg/ha; al igual que para
falso carbón.
El tratamiento de mayor rendimiento fue la dosis de 0,75 kg/ha de Biohealth y la mayor
tasa de retorno marginal.
In Ecuador one of the crops of economic importance is rice, and this is affected by different types of fungi that cause economic damages and therefore it makes production costs high. These include Rhizoctonia spp. Gaeumannomyces graminis.vargraminis, Sarocladium oryzae. Ustilaginoidea virens and several associated with grain staining. The specific objectives of the present research were: 1) To determine the effect of Biohealth on the incidence and severity of stems pathogens in rice cultivation var. SFL011, 2) To determine the effect of Biohealth on the incidence and severity of panicle and grain pathogens in rice var. SFL 011. The research was carried out after the rainy season and was harvested in the dry season and located in the Plan America Lomas Project Sector Two. Six treatments and four replications were studied; the data were analyzed in a fully randomized block design. In the first five treatments, 5 grams / m 2 Biohealth was applied to the seedbed after eight days of planting; The four doses applied in the field (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 kg / ha) were performed at 20 and 45 days after transplantation. In the chemical control treatment in use of Silvacur + Carbendazin 0.75-0.50 L / ha within 45 days after transplantation. Also an absolute control was used. The lowest incidence of infected stems by Rhizoctonia solani, was with the dose of 1.5 kg / ha of Biohealth; while Gaeumannomyces graminis.var graminis was in the chemical control, followed by the Biohealth treatment 1.5 kg / ha. The most effective dose for the control of grain staining was Biohealth 1.5 kg / ha. There were no significant differences among the treatments in terms of the control of Sarocladium oryzae, although the lowest infection was observed with Biohealth 0.75kg / ha; as well as for false coal. The highest yield treatment was the Biohealth 0.75 kg / ha dose as well as the highest marginal rate of return.
In Ecuador one of the crops of economic importance is rice, and this is affected by different types of fungi that cause economic damages and therefore it makes production costs high. These include Rhizoctonia spp. Gaeumannomyces graminis.vargraminis, Sarocladium oryzae. Ustilaginoidea virens and several associated with grain staining. The specific objectives of the present research were: 1) To determine the effect of Biohealth on the incidence and severity of stems pathogens in rice cultivation var. SFL011, 2) To determine the effect of Biohealth on the incidence and severity of panicle and grain pathogens in rice var. SFL 011. The research was carried out after the rainy season and was harvested in the dry season and located in the Plan America Lomas Project Sector Two. Six treatments and four replications were studied; the data were analyzed in a fully randomized block design. In the first five treatments, 5 grams / m 2 Biohealth was applied to the seedbed after eight days of planting; The four doses applied in the field (0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 kg / ha) were performed at 20 and 45 days after transplantation. In the chemical control treatment in use of Silvacur + Carbendazin 0.75-0.50 L / ha within 45 days after transplantation. Also an absolute control was used. The lowest incidence of infected stems by Rhizoctonia solani, was with the dose of 1.5 kg / ha of Biohealth; while Gaeumannomyces graminis.var graminis was in the chemical control, followed by the Biohealth treatment 1.5 kg / ha. The most effective dose for the control of grain staining was Biohealth 1.5 kg / ha. There were no significant differences among the treatments in terms of the control of Sarocladium oryzae, although the lowest infection was observed with Biohealth 0.75kg / ha; as well as for false coal. The highest yield treatment was the Biohealth 0.75 kg / ha dose as well as the highest marginal rate of return.
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TRICHODERMA, HARZIANUM, BACILLUS SUBTILIS, RHIZOCTENIA, GAEUMANNOMYCES, SAROCLADIUM, MANCHADO DEL GRANO DE ARROZ, FALSO CARBON