Enfermedad cerebro vascular : factores de riesgo y secuelas, estudio a realizar en Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, período 2014-2015
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La enfermedad cerebrovascular es un trastorno permanente o transitorio de la función cerebral en una o varias de sus regiones producida por alteraciones en su vasculatura, ya sean estas por falta de riego sanguíneo o por extravasación de sangre hacia el tejido cerebral. La enfermedad cerebro vascular es una entidad potencialmente mortal se caracteriza por dos trastornos bases que a su vez la dividen en sus dos clasificaciones. El primero un trastorno vascular donde la irrigación cerebral se ve afectada por el taponamiento de la arteria encargada de llevar riego sanguíneo hacia esa zona del cerebro denominándose ictus o accidente cerebro vascular isquémico y la segunda es un trastorno primordialmente de extravasación o sangrado por lesión o ruptura de vasos sanguíneos hacia el parénquima u otras estructuras del cerebro denominándose accidente cerebro vascular hemorrágico. 3.140 personas murieron en
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Ecuador en 2007 a causa del accidente cerebro vascular, según el INEC. El 75% de los ictus acontece en la población mayor de 65 años. La mortalidad del ictus a lo largo del primer mes de evolución es del 20%. El tipo de investigación fue de tipo cualitativo, observacional directo, correlacional analítico de corte transversal con un diseño de la investigación no experimental, retrospectivo y el análisis de la investigación se realizó de acuerdo a los resultados de la tabulación de los datos, en la que se describió los indicadores de mayor o altos porcentajes. El presente estudio se realizó en el Hospital Universitario de la Ciudad de Guayaquil, ubicada en el norte de Guayaquil (kilómetro 2 ½ vía Daule). El proyecto fue ejecutado en el Cantón de Guayaquil, Provincia del Guayas. Los resultados fueron los siguientes La hipertensión arterial es el factor de riesgo más frecuente con el 81% de los casos, seguidos por la diabetes mellitus y la dislipidemia con el 43% y 38% respectivamente. El 6% de los pacientes con ECV no sufrieron secuelas, mientras que el 94% si presentaron secuelas con algún tipo de discapacidad, siendo más frecuente la discapacidad leve (grado 1 Rankin) con el 29% de los pacientes con secuelas En la relación de factores de riesgo con las secuelas: el 87% de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial sufrieron secuelas post ictus, el 89% de los pacientes con dislipidemia también sufrieron secuelas post ictus, mientras que el 100% de los pacientes que tenían como factores de riesgo ECV previos y los que sufrieron abandono social quedaron con secuelas.
Stroke is a permanent or temporary disorder of brain function in one or more of its regions produced by alterations in the vasculature, whether these are due to lack of blood supply or extravasation of blood into the brain tissue. Vascular disease brain is a potentially fatal entity disorders characterized by two bases which in turn divided into two classifications. The first vascular disorder where the cerebral blood flow is affected by the blockage of the artery responsible for carrying blood supply to that area of the brain denominating stroke or cerebrovascular accident vascular ischemic and the second is a disorder primarily of extravasation or bleeding from injury or tear of blood vessels into the parenchyma of the brain or other structures denominating hemorrhagic stroke. 3,140 people died in Ecuador in 2007 because of stroke, according to INEC. 75% of strokes occurs in the population over 65 years. Stroke mortality during the first month of evolution is 20%. The research was qualitative, observational direct, analytical correlational cross-sectional design with a non-experimental, retrospective and analysis of research investigation was conducted according to the results of the tabulation of the data, which indicators higher or high percentages described. This study was conducted at the University Hospital of the City of Guayaquil, located in the north of Guayaquil vi (kilometer 2 ½ via Daule). The project was implemented in the Canton of Guayaquil, Guayas Province. The results were as follows Hypertension is the most common with 81% of cases risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia with 43% and 38% respectively. 6% of patients with CVD suffered no consequences, while 94% if they had sequelae with disabilities, being more frequent mild disability (grade 1 Rankin) with 29% of patients with sequelae in the relationship risk factors with the consequences: 87% of patients with hypertension suffered stroke sequelae post, 89% of patients with dyslipidemia also suffered post stroke sequelae, while 100% of patients with risk factors CVD before and those who suffered social abandonment of sequelae
Stroke is a permanent or temporary disorder of brain function in one or more of its regions produced by alterations in the vasculature, whether these are due to lack of blood supply or extravasation of blood into the brain tissue. Vascular disease brain is a potentially fatal entity disorders characterized by two bases which in turn divided into two classifications. The first vascular disorder where the cerebral blood flow is affected by the blockage of the artery responsible for carrying blood supply to that area of the brain denominating stroke or cerebrovascular accident vascular ischemic and the second is a disorder primarily of extravasation or bleeding from injury or tear of blood vessels into the parenchyma of the brain or other structures denominating hemorrhagic stroke. 3,140 people died in Ecuador in 2007 because of stroke, according to INEC. 75% of strokes occurs in the population over 65 years. Stroke mortality during the first month of evolution is 20%. The research was qualitative, observational direct, analytical correlational cross-sectional design with a non-experimental, retrospective and analysis of research investigation was conducted according to the results of the tabulation of the data, which indicators higher or high percentages described. This study was conducted at the University Hospital of the City of Guayaquil, located in the north of Guayaquil vi (kilometer 2 ½ via Daule). The project was implemented in the Canton of Guayaquil, Guayas Province. The results were as follows Hypertension is the most common with 81% of cases risk factor, followed by diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia with 43% and 38% respectively. 6% of patients with CVD suffered no consequences, while 94% if they had sequelae with disabilities, being more frequent mild disability (grade 1 Rankin) with 29% of patients with sequelae in the relationship risk factors with the consequences: 87% of patients with hypertension suffered stroke sequelae post, 89% of patients with dyslipidemia also suffered post stroke sequelae, while 100% of patients with risk factors CVD before and those who suffered social abandonment of sequelae
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TRASTORNOS CEREBROVASCULARES, FACTORES DE RIESGO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR