Determinación de Cadmio y Plomo en Soya (Glycine Max l.) En grano, en polvo y líquida comercializada en la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La contaminación por metales pesados en alimentos ha causado intoxicación y muerte a lo largo de la historia, los gobiernos insisten en la importancia de la seguridad alimentaria para la población, pero pocos estudios se llevan a cabo para asegurar la inocuidad de los alimentos. En el presente estudio se determinó la contaminación por cadmio y plomo en granos de soya en cuatro de los principales mercados de Guayaquil, y también en soya en polvo y líquida de venta en los principales supermercados. Una vez seleccionadas las muestras se trasladaron al Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad de Guayaquil (IIRN), donde fueron procesadas y analizadas por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica de llama (Perkin-Elmer Analyst100), encontrando concentraciones de hasta 0,183±0,044 mg/Kg Cd y 3,066±1,240 mg/Kg Pb en el grano, de 0,151±0,043 mg/Kg Cd y 6,390±2,470 mg/Kg Pb en polvo y 0,496±0,038 mg/Kg Pb en soya líquida, siendo el límite máximo permisible 0,20 mg/Kg para Cd y Pb según la Unión Europea. Las mayores concentraciones de Cd se encontraron en soya en grano y las de Pb en soya en polvo. Evidenciando las elevadas concentraciones de Cd, y la carencia de una normativa nacional que lo regule, el estudio propone medidas para prevenir o disminuir la acumulación de metales pesados y sugiere se establezca el límite máximo permisible de cadmio en soya y sus derivados para Ecuador de 0,1 mg/Kg según Codex Alimentarius de 1995.
Heavy metals contamination in food has caused poisoning and death throughout history, governments insist on the importance of food security for the population, but few studies are carried out to ensure food safety and yet less focus on follow-up. In the present study, contamination by cadmium and lead in soybean grains was determined in 4 of the main markets in Guayaquil, as well as in soy powder and liquid sold in the main supermarkets. Once the samples were selected they were transferred to the Institute of Research and Natural Resources of the University of Guayaquil (IIRN), where they were processed and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer Analyst100), finding concentrations up to 0.183 ± 0.044 mg/kg Cd and 3,066 ± 1,240 mg/kg Pb in the grain, of 0.151 ± 0.043 mg/kg Cd and 6,390 ± 2,470 mg/kg Pb powder, and 0,496 ± 0,038 mg/kg Pb in liquid soya, the maximum permissible limit being 0.20 mg/kg for Cd and Pb according to the European Union. The highest concentrations of Cd were found in soybean grains and Pb in soybean powder. The study proposes measures to prevent or reduce the accumulation of heavy metals and suggests establishing the maximum permissible limit of cadmium in soybean and its derivatives for Ecuador of 0,1 mg / kg according to Codex Alimentarius 1995.
Heavy metals contamination in food has caused poisoning and death throughout history, governments insist on the importance of food security for the population, but few studies are carried out to ensure food safety and yet less focus on follow-up. In the present study, contamination by cadmium and lead in soybean grains was determined in 4 of the main markets in Guayaquil, as well as in soy powder and liquid sold in the main supermarkets. Once the samples were selected they were transferred to the Institute of Research and Natural Resources of the University of Guayaquil (IIRN), where they were processed and analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer Analyst100), finding concentrations up to 0.183 ± 0.044 mg/kg Cd and 3,066 ± 1,240 mg/kg Pb in the grain, of 0.151 ± 0.043 mg/kg Cd and 6,390 ± 2,470 mg/kg Pb powder, and 0,496 ± 0,038 mg/kg Pb in liquid soya, the maximum permissible limit being 0.20 mg/kg for Cd and Pb according to the European Union. The highest concentrations of Cd were found in soybean grains and Pb in soybean powder. The study proposes measures to prevent or reduce the accumulation of heavy metals and suggests establishing the maximum permissible limit of cadmium in soybean and its derivatives for Ecuador of 0,1 mg / kg according to Codex Alimentarius 1995.
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METALES PESADOS, SOYA, SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, ECUADOR, ESPECTROFOTOMETRÍA