Diseño de un modelo cuantitativo de riesgos laborales para el sector de la construcción en el Ecuador.
Fecha
2016-01-08
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en dar una perspectiva de la situación de la seguridad y salud laboral del sector de la construcción en el Ecuador, mediante la exploración de estudios, informes de investigación, entre otros que se hayan realizado a nivel nacional, analizando el impacto del sector en la economía del país, condiciones laborales que se mantiene en la ejecución de sus actividades, los riesgos presente en cada una de las etapas constructivas, leyes y reglamentos vigente e instituciones que regulan la seguridad y Salud laboral del sector.
Se analizan datos estadísticos de la evolución de los accidentes laborales en la última década, enfatizando en el sector de la construcción y haciendo comparación con los accidentes laborales de otros sectores económicos como son la de servicios, agrícola e Industrial, determinado la incidencia y severidad de los accidentes. A partir del conocimiento de estado actual del sector de construcción en lo referente a seguridad y salud laboral, se plantea la estructura del modelador estimativo de costes, basado en métodos cuantitativos propuesto por diferentes organismos y técnicos en la prevención riesgos laborales, se define los tipos de costos que incurren las empresas constructoras en los riesgos existente en una obra de construcción como son: “Costos Asegurado y No Asegurado”. Se desarrolla un modelo de valoración cuantitativa de los riesgos laborales más comunes presente en la ejecución de una obra de construcción en el Ecuador, herramienta de resultados económica del el impacto que genera la inversión en la prevención de riesgos y que permite al empresario argumentos para la toma de decisiones.
The present research focuses on giving an overview of the security and health situation of the construction sector in Ecuador, through scanning studies, research reports, among others that have been made at national level, analyzing the sector's impact on the economy, work conditions maintained in the performance of their activities, the risks presented in each of the construction phases, the current laws and regulations and institutions governing occupational health and safety sector. Statistical data on the evolution of labor accidents have been analyzed in the last decade, with emphasis on the construction sector and by comparison with accidents in other economic sectors such as the services of agriculture and industry, given by the incidence and severity of accidents. From the knowledge of the current state of the construction sector in terms of occupational health and safety, the structure of the estimated cost modeling is based on quantitative methods proposed by different agencies and technicians in occupational risk prevention, types costs incurred are defined by construction companies in the existing risks in a construction such as: "Costs Insured and Uninsured". A model of quantitative assessment of the most common occupational hazards present at the execution of a construction place in Ecuador, the tool of economic results of the impact that generate investment in the risk prevention and allows the employer makes some arguments for decision making.
The present research focuses on giving an overview of the security and health situation of the construction sector in Ecuador, through scanning studies, research reports, among others that have been made at national level, analyzing the sector's impact on the economy, work conditions maintained in the performance of their activities, the risks presented in each of the construction phases, the current laws and regulations and institutions governing occupational health and safety sector. Statistical data on the evolution of labor accidents have been analyzed in the last decade, with emphasis on the construction sector and by comparison with accidents in other economic sectors such as the services of agriculture and industry, given by the incidence and severity of accidents. From the knowledge of the current state of the construction sector in terms of occupational health and safety, the structure of the estimated cost modeling is based on quantitative methods proposed by different agencies and technicians in occupational risk prevention, types costs incurred are defined by construction companies in the existing risks in a construction such as: "Costs Insured and Uninsured". A model of quantitative assessment of the most common occupational hazards present at the execution of a construction place in Ecuador, the tool of economic results of the impact that generate investment in the risk prevention and allows the employer makes some arguments for decision making.
Descripción
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, SECTOR DE CONSTRUCCIÓN, RIESGO DE ACCIDENTES, REGLAMENTOS