Validación de dos opciones de fertilización en el cultivo de cacao Theobroma Cacao L.
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en el período seco en los
meses de junio hasta diciembre del 2016, en la granja experimental “Vainillo”
de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad de Guayaquil, ubicada
en el km 48 vía Duran-Tambo, cantón El Triunfo, provincia del Guayas.
Con el objetivo de estudiar la respuesta agronómica del cultivo de cacao
(Theobroma cacao L.), a la aplicación de la fertilización orgánica y química.
Para ello se trazaron los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1) Evaluar
agronómicamente el efecto de la aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos y
químicos en el cultivo de cacao, 2) Realizar un análisis económico de los
fertilizantes orgánicos y los fertilizantes químicos en el cultivo de cacao.
Se estudiaron tres tratamientos, que resulta de las aplicaciones de los
fertilizantes orgánicos y químicos, más un testigo absoluto sin aplicación de
ningún nutriente, estos se dan a continuación. Para esta investigación se
utilizó el diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA), constituido por tres
tratamientos y seis repeticiones, para 18 unidades experimentales. Para el
análisis estadístico se trabajó con el análisis de varianza y para delimitar las
diferencias estadísticas, se procedió a la comparación de las medias de los
tratamientos mediante la prueba de Duncan al 5% de probabilidades.
Se concluye: 1) Las diferentes aplicaciones de nutrientes no causaron
efectos en la cantidad de frutos enfermos, 2) Los tratamientos con
fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos obtuvieron las mayores cantidades de
frutos sanos con 21,33 y 20,00 respectivamente, 3) El rendimiento se
benefició con las aplicaciones de los fertilizantes, el químico con uno 1,35 y
el orgánico con 1,27 t/ha y 4) El tratamiento con fertilizante químico alcanzó
el mayor beneficio económico con una tasa de retorno marginal de 183 %.
The present research was carried out in the dry period from June to December 2016, at the experimental farm "Vainillo" of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the University of Guayaquil, located at km 48 via Duran-Tambo, Canton of El Triunfo, province of Guayas. With the objective of studying the agronomic response of the cocoa crop (Theobroma cacao L.) to the application of organic and chemical fertilization. For this purpose, the following specific objectives were established: 1) Agronomically evaluate the effect of the application of organic and chemical fertilizers on cocoa cultivation; 2) Carry out an economic analysis of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in cocoa cultivation. Three treatments were studied, resulting from the applications of organic and chemical fertilizers, plus an absolute control without any nutrient application, these are given below. For this investigation, the randomized complete block design (DBCA), consisting of three treatments and six replicates, was used for 18 experimental units. For the statistical analysis, we worked with the analysis of variance and to delimit the statistical differences, we proceeded to compare the means of the treatments using the Duncan test at 5% of probabilities. It was concluded that: 1) Different nutrient applications had no effect on the number of diseased fruits, 2) The treatments with organic and chemical fertilizers obtained the highest amounts of healthy fruits with 21,33 and 20,00 respectively, 3) The yield benefited Fertilizer applications, chemical with 1,35 and organic with 1,27 t/ha and 4) Chemical fertilizer treatment achieved the greatest economic benefit with a marginal rate of return of 183%.
The present research was carried out in the dry period from June to December 2016, at the experimental farm "Vainillo" of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the University of Guayaquil, located at km 48 via Duran-Tambo, Canton of El Triunfo, province of Guayas. With the objective of studying the agronomic response of the cocoa crop (Theobroma cacao L.) to the application of organic and chemical fertilization. For this purpose, the following specific objectives were established: 1) Agronomically evaluate the effect of the application of organic and chemical fertilizers on cocoa cultivation; 2) Carry out an economic analysis of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in cocoa cultivation. Three treatments were studied, resulting from the applications of organic and chemical fertilizers, plus an absolute control without any nutrient application, these are given below. For this investigation, the randomized complete block design (DBCA), consisting of three treatments and six replicates, was used for 18 experimental units. For the statistical analysis, we worked with the analysis of variance and to delimit the statistical differences, we proceeded to compare the means of the treatments using the Duncan test at 5% of probabilities. It was concluded that: 1) Different nutrient applications had no effect on the number of diseased fruits, 2) The treatments with organic and chemical fertilizers obtained the highest amounts of healthy fruits with 21,33 and 20,00 respectively, 3) The yield benefited Fertilizer applications, chemical with 1,35 and organic with 1,27 t/ha and 4) Chemical fertilizer treatment achieved the greatest economic benefit with a marginal rate of return of 183%.
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FERTILIZACION, MANEJO, CACAO, RENDIMIENTO, PRODUCCION