Caracterización Petrográfica Y Calcográfica Del Afloramiento Ígneo, Asignado Al Jurásico, Ubicado En La Perimetral Del Cantón Nobol, Ecuador
Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación a nivel de pregrado en Ingeniería Geológica tiene como objetivo el estudio detallado de un afloramiento volcánico empleando técnicas de petrografía y calcografía. El cuerpo ígneo estudiado es un afloramiento de roca fresca ubicado entre las localidades de los cantones Nobol y Daule, provincia de Guayas – Ecuador. Esta tesis de grado se orientó en una primera fase a realizar trabajo de campo que permitiera un conocimiento geológico general de la zona. Una segunda fase se enfocó a la descripción detallada de láminas trasparentes y láminas opacas de muestras de rocas recolectadas en la zona de estudio.
A la descripción óptica de las muestras (mineralogía y textura) se aplicaron sistemáticas habitualmente utilizadas que permiten una clasificación específica de la muestra geológica. Así, se aplicaron el triángulo Q-A-P-F. Microscopía de Barrido (MEB) y Fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX). Finalmente, en una tercera fase se desarrolló una cartografía temática detallada, relacionando los datos de campo preliminares con los resultados obtenidos en laboratorio.
La tarea de campo permitió en una fase inicial determinar datos generales de litologías aflorantes junto con datos estructurales. Además, se pudo planificar la etapa de muestreo con la cual poder definir adecuadamente la tipología de rocas. Se recolectaron en total 48 muestras de roca de mano de las cuales, 12 se destinaron a la elaboración de láminas trasparentes, 4 para láminas opacas y 4 para FRX.
El análisis petrográfico permitió definir las siguientes rocas: Basalto, Basalto andesítico, Diorita y roca volcánica alterada (meteorizada). Además, se pudo relacionar estas con las descripciones presentadas en estudios previos. En particular, su relación con la Formación Piñón que es la predominante en la geología regional y local de la zona de estudio.
La cartografía geológica detallada desarrollada permitió generar una información base importante a la hora de estimar potenciales usos industriales del afloramiento.
The present investigation on at the undergraduate level in Geological Engineering has as objective the detailed study of a volcanic outcrop using techniques of petrography and chalcography. The body igneous studied is an upwelling of fresh rock located between the towns of the Cantons Nobol and Daule, Guayas province - Ecuador. This degree thesis was oriented in a first phase to perform field work that allowed a general geological knowledge of the area. A second phase focused on the detailed description of transparent sheets and opaque sheets of rock samples collected in the study area. To the optical description of the samples (mineralogy and texture) systematics were applied habitually used that allow a specific classification of the geological sample. So, the Q-A-P-F triangle was applied. Scanning microscopy (MEB) and X-ray fluorescence (FRX). Finally, in a third phase a detailed thematic cartography was developed, relating the preliminary field data to the results obtained in the laboratory. The field task allowed in an initial phase to determine general data of emerging lithologies along with structural data. In addition, it was possible to plan the sampling stage with which to properly define the typology of rocks. A total of 48 samples of hand rock were collected, of which 12 were destined for the elaboration of transparent sheets, 4 for opaque sheets and 4 for FRX. The petrographic analysis allowed the following rocks to be defined: basalt, andesitic basalt, diorite and altered volcanic rock (weathered). In addition, these were related to the descriptions presented in previous studies. In particular, its relation with the sprocket formation which is the predominant in the regional and local geology of the study area. Detailed geological cartography developed allowed to generate an important baseline information at the time of estimating potential industrial outliers applications.
The present investigation on at the undergraduate level in Geological Engineering has as objective the detailed study of a volcanic outcrop using techniques of petrography and chalcography. The body igneous studied is an upwelling of fresh rock located between the towns of the Cantons Nobol and Daule, Guayas province - Ecuador. This degree thesis was oriented in a first phase to perform field work that allowed a general geological knowledge of the area. A second phase focused on the detailed description of transparent sheets and opaque sheets of rock samples collected in the study area. To the optical description of the samples (mineralogy and texture) systematics were applied habitually used that allow a specific classification of the geological sample. So, the Q-A-P-F triangle was applied. Scanning microscopy (MEB) and X-ray fluorescence (FRX). Finally, in a third phase a detailed thematic cartography was developed, relating the preliminary field data to the results obtained in the laboratory. The field task allowed in an initial phase to determine general data of emerging lithologies along with structural data. In addition, it was possible to plan the sampling stage with which to properly define the typology of rocks. A total of 48 samples of hand rock were collected, of which 12 were destined for the elaboration of transparent sheets, 4 for opaque sheets and 4 for FRX. The petrographic analysis allowed the following rocks to be defined: basalt, andesitic basalt, diorite and altered volcanic rock (weathered). In addition, these were related to the descriptions presented in previous studies. In particular, its relation with the sprocket formation which is the predominant in the regional and local geology of the study area. Detailed geological cartography developed allowed to generate an important baseline information at the time of estimating potential industrial outliers applications.