Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las complicaciones postquirúrgicas del tratamiento de las fracturas de tobillo Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo 2008-2009
Fecha
2011
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las fracturas de tobillo son lesiones traumáticas de gran frecuencia (75%) y su tratamiento quirúrgico no se encuentra excento de problemas ya que las complicaciones posteriores a esta cirugía alcanzan el 45%según el registro del hospital Regional 2 del IESS “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” y se acompañan de serias repercusiones funcionales y económicas. Siendo esta institución donde se tratan frecuentemente este tipo de fracturas, lamentablemente las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de esta patología que permitan el tratamiento óptimo de este problema, no se encuentran disponibles. Con el objetivo de contar con esta información se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo de diseño no experimental longitudinal retrospectivo que analizó los datos generados a partir de todos 116 casos de complicaciones de fracturas de tobillo generadas en el periodo 2008 - 2009. El análisis estadístico empleó medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, tasas, porcentajes, frecuencias simples y acumuladas. El manejo de los datos se hizo con las aplicaciones de Excel 2007. Los resultados mostraron una incidencia de complicaciones en la cirugía fractura de tobillo del 7% de los casos. La más frecuente fue la infección de la zona quirúrgica (50%) Los pacientes afectados en mayor proporción tuvieron una edad promedio de 42,4 ± 14,7 años, en su mayoría varones (87,5%) con un antecedente de cirugía abierta (88%). El tipo de fractura más común fue la de tipo B (63%). La tecnología empleada con mayor frecuencia en pacientes complicados fue la placa (57%). En su resolución se empleó limpieza quirúrgica más antibioticoterapia en el 63% de casos siendo el tiempo promedio de resolución de 38 días.
Ankle fractures are very often traumatic injuries (75%) and surgical treatment of this condition is not excenta of problems, complications following this surgery reach 10% and is accompanied by serious functional and economic impact that is afflicted by it. The hospital "Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo "is an institution which often deal with this type of fracture, unfortunately the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease that we allow the optimal management of managing this problem, not available. With the aim of generating knowledge about the characteristics of these complications in the institution conducted a cross-sectional study that analyzed the data generated from all cases of complications of ankle fractures generated in the period 2008-2009. The statistical analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency, dispersion, rates, percentages, frequency distributions and cumulative. For data management software was used and applications of Excel 2007. The results showed that the incidence of complications, complications in ankle fracture surgery 7% of cases. The most frequent complication was infection (50%). To solve the complication in most surgical cleaning was used more antibiotics (63%). The greater proportion of patients affected by a complication had a mean age of 42.4 ± 14.7 years Complications occurred more frequently in men (87,5%). Patients usually had a complicated history of open surgery (88%). The most common type of fracture among patients with complications was type B (63%). The technology used most often in patients with complications was the plaque . Most complications were resolved on average in 38 days time.
Ankle fractures are very often traumatic injuries (75%) and surgical treatment of this condition is not excenta of problems, complications following this surgery reach 10% and is accompanied by serious functional and economic impact that is afflicted by it. The hospital "Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo "is an institution which often deal with this type of fracture, unfortunately the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease that we allow the optimal management of managing this problem, not available. With the aim of generating knowledge about the characteristics of these complications in the institution conducted a cross-sectional study that analyzed the data generated from all cases of complications of ankle fractures generated in the period 2008-2009. The statistical analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency, dispersion, rates, percentages, frequency distributions and cumulative. For data management software was used and applications of Excel 2007. The results showed that the incidence of complications, complications in ankle fracture surgery 7% of cases. The most frequent complication was infection (50%). To solve the complication in most surgical cleaning was used more antibiotics (63%). The greater proportion of patients affected by a complication had a mean age of 42.4 ± 14.7 years Complications occurred more frequently in men (87,5%). Patients usually had a complicated history of open surgery (88%). The most common type of fracture among patients with complications was type B (63%). The technology used most often in patients with complications was the plaque . Most complications were resolved on average in 38 days time.
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Fracturas de tobillo, Complicaciones posoperatorias, Tratamiento quirúrgico, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador