Afectación por pesticidas en aguas de la presa Velasco Ibarra de Santa Elena
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
El uso de pesticidas para la eliminación de plagas en el sector agrícola, afecta
de gran manera el sistema acuático superficial, en las áreas circundantes de la comuna El
Tambo, que se encuentra ubicada a 5 Km. de la ciudad de Santa Elena capital de la Provincia,
situada al sur del Cantón Santa Elena, entre la población de San José de Ancón, las comunas
Prosperidad, San Vicente y la zona de la Presa Velasco Ibarra.
El objetivo general de este trabajo es elaborar directrices que permitan la
utilización de pesticidas orgánicos en terrenos de los agricultores de la comuna El Tambo,
provincia de Santa Elena, evitando el uso de pesticidas inorgánicos.
La metodología de la investigación es la cuantitativa, en cuanto a determinar
las cantidades de pesticidas utilizados para el sector agrícola, análisis de suelo local,
descripción de perfiles de suelo, análisis de granulometría de suelo, datos meteorológicos de
la región, levantamiento de pesticidas más comunes usados en la comuna El Tambo y
criterios usados para la validación de la afectación de aguas superficiales.
En conclusión, el glifosato utilizado en las actividades agrícolas de la comuna
El Tambo de la provincia de Santa Elena, es un contaminante potencial que afecta la calidad
del agua para consumo humano del sector, debido a la percolación al suelo.
Se recomienda estudios futuros sobre la afectación de aguas subterráneas en la
región, que incluyan otros principios activos.
Aunque algunos pesticidas pueden ser considerados como no contaminantes
potenciales del agua, principalmente por falta de datos sobre sus propiedades físicas, nada se
puede afirmar sobre su potencial de afectación.
The use of pesticides for the elimination of pests in the agricultural sector, greatly affects the surface aquatic system, in the surrounding areas of the El Tambo Commune, located 5 km from the city of Santa Elena, capital of The Province located to the south of the Canton Santa Elena, between the town of San José de Ancón, the communes Prosperidad, San Vicente and the area of the Velasco Ibarra Reservoir. As a general objective of this work is to develop guidelines that allow the use of organic pesticides in farmers' lands in El Tambo, Santa Elena province, avoiding the use of inorganic pesticides. In the methodology used, it was the quantitative, in terms of determining the quantities of pesticides used for the agricultural sector, local land analysis, description of land profiles, analysis of land granulometry, meteorological data of the region, Common used in the commune El Tambo, criteria used for the validation of surface water pollution risks. It is concluded that the glyphosate used in the agricultural activities of the El Tambo commune of the Province of Santa Elena, is a potential contaminant that affects the quality of the water for human consumption of the sector, due to the percolation to the soil. Future studies of groundwater affectation in the region, including other active principles, are recommended. Although some pesticides can be considered as potential non-pollutants of water, mainly due to lack of data on their physical properties, nothing can be said about their pollution potential.
The use of pesticides for the elimination of pests in the agricultural sector, greatly affects the surface aquatic system, in the surrounding areas of the El Tambo Commune, located 5 km from the city of Santa Elena, capital of The Province located to the south of the Canton Santa Elena, between the town of San José de Ancón, the communes Prosperidad, San Vicente and the area of the Velasco Ibarra Reservoir. As a general objective of this work is to develop guidelines that allow the use of organic pesticides in farmers' lands in El Tambo, Santa Elena province, avoiding the use of inorganic pesticides. In the methodology used, it was the quantitative, in terms of determining the quantities of pesticides used for the agricultural sector, local land analysis, description of land profiles, analysis of land granulometry, meteorological data of the region, Common used in the commune El Tambo, criteria used for the validation of surface water pollution risks. It is concluded that the glyphosate used in the agricultural activities of the El Tambo commune of the Province of Santa Elena, is a potential contaminant that affects the quality of the water for human consumption of the sector, due to the percolation to the soil. Future studies of groundwater affectation in the region, including other active principles, are recommended. Although some pesticides can be considered as potential non-pollutants of water, mainly due to lack of data on their physical properties, nothing can be said about their pollution potential.
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Palabras clave
PESTICIDAS, DILUCIÓN, TOXICIDAD, AGROTÓXICOS, PLAGAS AGRÍCOLAS, PRESA VELASCO IBARRA, MEDIO AMBIENTE