Análisis parcial de la diversidad de aves asociadas al manglar la boca (Manabí - Ecuador), realizado durante la época seca del año 2015.
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2017
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Este trabajo de investigación fue realizado en el manglar La Boca, ubicado en la Provincia de Manabí, entre los cantones Sucre y Portoviejo. Para efectos del estudio se dividió el área en 3 zonas denominados Zona Núcleo de Manglar (MZN), Área de transición entre Manglar y Espejos de Agua (MEA), y Zona de Transición entre el Manglar, áreas intervenidas con bosque seco y Cultivos (MCB).
Los muestreos fueron efectuados durante los meses de septiembre, octubre y noviembre del 2015, donde se registraron 102 especies de aves distribuidas en 84 Géneros, 42 Familias y 17 Órdenes. Se describen 12 especies endémicas de Bosque o Eco-Región Tumbesina, 1 especie Endémica de la Bio-Región del Chocó, 5 Especies Migratorias Australes, 17 especies Migratoria Boreales, 1 especie Migratoria Intertropical, y 2 especies de avifauna casi amenazadas y 2 en estado vulnerable.
La riqueza de aves en cada área de muestreo expresa que no existen diferencias significativas en función de cada una de las localidades ubicadas en las áreas de muestreo, con un nivel de confianza ± del 95% donde se presentan rangos de IC= 21,9 – 31,7 (M-EA); IC= 17,0 – 26,9 (M-CB); IC= 18,6 -28,4 para la Zona Núcleo del manglar La Boca.
La rarefacción muestra que cada zona supera el número de individuos necesarios por especies para lograr su riqueza máxima teórica lo que muestra que el esfuerzo de muestreo en todas las zonas es significativo. La diversidad Alfa según el índice de Shannon muestra una diversidad media baja en todas las áreas estudiadas, siendo el área de ecotono entre el Manglar y Espejos de Agua (MEA), la que tiene mayor dominancia de especies, especialmente aves acuáticas y vadeadoras; y la Zona Núcleo de Manglar (MZN) la que tiene mayor equitatividad de especies. El análisis clúster muestra que las zonas presentan similitudes medias altas, donde la mayor afinidad se encuentra entre las Zona Núcleo de Manglar y la zona de transición entre Manglar, Bosque y Cultivos (MCB).
En base a los criterios para la determinación de especies importantes para su conservación, se seleccionaron a 6 especies: Buteogallus anthracinus, Rostrhamus sociabilis,
Forpus coelestis, Glaucidium peruanum, Nyctanassa violácea, Dendroica petechia. Siendo Buteogallus anthracinus, el de mejor representación según los resultados de ponderación, basados en criterios de conservación, migraciones, endemismos y especialidad en el hábitat.
Los resultados de la diversidad del manglar La Boca proporcionan más información que simplemente el número de especies presentes y sirven como valiosas herramientas para cuantificar la diversidad en una comunidad y describir su estructura numérica.
This research was conducted at the Boca Mangrove, located in the province of Manabí, between Sucre and Portoviejo district. For purposes of the study, the area was divided into 3 zones denominated Core Mangrove Zone (MZN); Transition area between Mangrove and Water Mirrors (MEA); and Transition Zone between Mangroves, intervened dry forest areas, shrimp ponds and crops (MCB). The samplings were conducted during the months of September, October and November 2015, where 102 bird species distributed in 84 genders, 42 families and 17 orders were described. 12 endemic species of forest or ecoregion Tumbesina, 1 endemic species of Choco Bio-Region, 5 Southern Migratory Species, 17 Migratory species Boreales, 1 Intertropical migratory species, and 2 species of birds in a state of vulnerable threat. The richness of birds in each sampling area expresses that there are no significant differences depending on each of the localities located in the sampling areas. With a confidence level ± 95% for the population mean with mean values of 26.8; 22.0; And 23.5 in each of the zones. The rarefaction shows that each zone exceeds the number of individuals required by species to achieve their maximum theoretical wealth, which shows that the sampling effort in all areas is significant. Shannon alpha diversity shows low biodiversity in all areas studied, with the ecotone area between Manglar and Mirrors of Water (MEA), that present a greater predominance of species, especially water birds and waders; And the Mangrove Core Zone (MZN), that present the highest equitivity of species. The Cluster analysis shows that the areas present high average similarities, where the greatest affinity is found between the areas of Mangrove Core and the transition zone between Mangrove, Forest and Crops (MCB). Based on the criteria for the determination of important species for conservation, six species were selected: Buteogallus anthracinus, Rostrhamus sociabilis, Forpus coelestis, Glaucidium peruanum, Nyctanassa violacea, Dendroica petechia. Where Buteogallus anthracinus, is the best representative according to the results of weighting, based on criteria of conservation, migrations, endemisms and specialty in the habitat. The results of La Boca mangrove diversity provide more information than simply the number of species present and serve as valuable tools to quantify diversity in a community and describe its numerical structure.
This research was conducted at the Boca Mangrove, located in the province of Manabí, between Sucre and Portoviejo district. For purposes of the study, the area was divided into 3 zones denominated Core Mangrove Zone (MZN); Transition area between Mangrove and Water Mirrors (MEA); and Transition Zone between Mangroves, intervened dry forest areas, shrimp ponds and crops (MCB). The samplings were conducted during the months of September, October and November 2015, where 102 bird species distributed in 84 genders, 42 families and 17 orders were described. 12 endemic species of forest or ecoregion Tumbesina, 1 endemic species of Choco Bio-Region, 5 Southern Migratory Species, 17 Migratory species Boreales, 1 Intertropical migratory species, and 2 species of birds in a state of vulnerable threat. The richness of birds in each sampling area expresses that there are no significant differences depending on each of the localities located in the sampling areas. With a confidence level ± 95% for the population mean with mean values of 26.8; 22.0; And 23.5 in each of the zones. The rarefaction shows that each zone exceeds the number of individuals required by species to achieve their maximum theoretical wealth, which shows that the sampling effort in all areas is significant. Shannon alpha diversity shows low biodiversity in all areas studied, with the ecotone area between Manglar and Mirrors of Water (MEA), that present a greater predominance of species, especially water birds and waders; And the Mangrove Core Zone (MZN), that present the highest equitivity of species. The Cluster analysis shows that the areas present high average similarities, where the greatest affinity is found between the areas of Mangrove Core and the transition zone between Mangrove, Forest and Crops (MCB). Based on the criteria for the determination of important species for conservation, six species were selected: Buteogallus anthracinus, Rostrhamus sociabilis, Forpus coelestis, Glaucidium peruanum, Nyctanassa violacea, Dendroica petechia. Where Buteogallus anthracinus, is the best representative according to the results of weighting, based on criteria of conservation, migrations, endemisms and specialty in the habitat. The results of La Boca mangrove diversity provide more information than simply the number of species present and serve as valuable tools to quantify diversity in a community and describe its numerical structure.
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RIQUEZA, DIVERSIDAD, AVIFAUNA, MANGLAR, ECOTONO