Incremento del Rendimiento de Metano en la Digestión Anaerobia de Aguas Residuales del Proceso de Café
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la incidencia del incremento de la carga orgánica del sustrato de agua residual de café instantáneo en la digestión anaerobia. En las instalaciones de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí habiendose establecido satisfactoriamente la combinación de parámetros como el DQO, pH, DLO, temperatura y TDS; que permitieron analizar el rendimiento de metano en la digestión anaerobia de las aguas residuales de café instantáneo tomadas de una industria local. Como inóculo se ha utilizado estiércol bovino proveniente de un camal de la zona una vez obtenidas las muestras se las ha desplazado al laboratorio para su respectiva caracterización siguiendo la metodología descrita en el American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association y Water Environment Federation, para establecer las condiciones iniciales del sustrato. Para el proceso de digestión anaerobia se han empleado cuatro reactores de flujo ascendente (UASB) por duplicado en régimen termofílico y mesofílico. Se ha reportado que el pH oscila de 6 a 7; la variación del DQO está directamente relacionado con el tipo de grano de café utilizado dentro de la industria, el oxígeno disuelto fluctúa entre 0,98mg/L a 7,53ml/L y los taninos fueron evaluados por su acción recalcitrante, los valores obtenidos están dentro del rango de tolerancia de los microrganismos, es decir por debajo de 600ml/L. En cuanto a la digestión anaerobia, se puede concluir que el régimen termofilico es más eficiente ya que tuvo una producción de metano superior al régimen mesofílico con un rendimiento de 53% de
incremento de metano. Las variaciones de la carga orgánica están en función del DQO del agua residual, como consecuencia no es posible regular la carga orgánica de forma ascendente.
This investigation tries to evaluate the incidence of the increase of the organic load of the substrate of the instant coffee wastewater in the anaerobic digestion. In the facilities of the Technical University of Manabí, the combination of parameters such as oxygen chemical demand, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and total dissolved solids has been satisfactorily achieved; that allowed to analyze the methane yield in the anaerobic digestion of the instant coffee wastewater taken from a local industry, as inoculum has been used cattle manure from an area of the area. Once the samples have been moved to the laboratory for their respective characteristics following the methodology described in the Public Health Association of the United States, the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, to establish the initial conditions of the substrate. For the anaerobic digestion process, four ascending flow reactors (UASB) have been used in duplicate in a thermophilic and mesophilic regime. It has been reported that the pH ranges from 6 to 7; The variation of the oxygen chemical demand is directly related to the type of coffee bean used in the industry, the dissolved oxygen fluctuates between 0.98mg / L to 7.53ml / L and the tannins were evaluated for their recalcitrant action, the values are within of the tolerance range of microorganisms is below to 600ml / L. Regarding anaerobic digestion, it can be concluded that the thermophilic regime is more efficient than it had a methane production higher than the mesophilic regime with a yield of 53% methane increase. The variations of the organic load are a function of the oxygen chemical demand of the wastewater, as a consequence it is not possible to regulate the organic load in an ascending way.
This investigation tries to evaluate the incidence of the increase of the organic load of the substrate of the instant coffee wastewater in the anaerobic digestion. In the facilities of the Technical University of Manabí, the combination of parameters such as oxygen chemical demand, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, temperature and total dissolved solids has been satisfactorily achieved; that allowed to analyze the methane yield in the anaerobic digestion of the instant coffee wastewater taken from a local industry, as inoculum has been used cattle manure from an area of the area. Once the samples have been moved to the laboratory for their respective characteristics following the methodology described in the Public Health Association of the United States, the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, to establish the initial conditions of the substrate. For the anaerobic digestion process, four ascending flow reactors (UASB) have been used in duplicate in a thermophilic and mesophilic regime. It has been reported that the pH ranges from 6 to 7; The variation of the oxygen chemical demand is directly related to the type of coffee bean used in the industry, the dissolved oxygen fluctuates between 0.98mg / L to 7.53ml / L and the tannins were evaluated for their recalcitrant action, the values are within of the tolerance range of microorganisms is below to 600ml / L. Regarding anaerobic digestion, it can be concluded that the thermophilic regime is more efficient than it had a methane production higher than the mesophilic regime with a yield of 53% methane increase. The variations of the organic load are a function of the oxygen chemical demand of the wastewater, as a consequence it is not possible to regulate the organic load in an ascending way.
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Digestión Anaerobia, Termofilico, Mesofilico, Metano, Agua Residual de Café, Inóculo