Planificación del tratamiento quirúrgico con odontosección en piezas retenidas
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2012-10-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
Múltiples son las causas que intervienen en la retención dentaria, dentro de ellas encontramos causas locales como son: La densidad del hueso que cubre al diente, la falta de espacio en los maxilares poco desarrollados, la retención prolongada de los dientes temporales o la pérdida prematura de éstos, la irregularidad en la presión y posición de un diente adyacente y una de las más comunes, la inflamación crónica continuada que provoca aumento de la densidad de la mucosa, causa a la que se le denomina fibrosis gingival.
También pueden provocar retención dentaria causas generales o sistémicas como por ejemplo: el raquitismo, la anemia, la desnutrición, tuberculosis, trastornos endocrinos metabólicos y sífilis congénita. Tras condiciones patológicas pueden ocasionar la aparición de dientes retenidos como es el caso de traumatismos dentarios producidos en la dentición temporal que provoquen cambios de dirección en los folículos de sus sucesores permanentes, lo que fue denominado por Andreasen lesiones de los dientes en desarrollo.
Dentro de los procedimientos quirúrgicos a realizar para la exodoncia de dientes erupcionados o retenidos, debemos tener en consideración a la hora de planificar el tratamiento la necesidad o conveniencia de realizar la odontosección o división del diente a extraer como técnica que simplifique el proceso de movilización y luxación del mismo dentro de su lecho óseo, y que facilite las maniobras de expulsión.
Al disminuir su tamaño en dos o más fragmentos, con lo que disminuimos la cantidad de hueso a eliminar durante la fase de osteotomía, disminuyendo la dificultad quirúrgica y mejorando la morbilidad del postoperatorio.
There are multiple causes involved in tooth retention within them find local causes such as: The density of the bone covering the tooth , the lack of space in the jaws underdeveloped , prolonged retention of primary teeth or premature loss of these, the irregularity in the pressure and position of an adjacent tooth and one of the most common , the chronic inflammation that causes continuous increase in the density of the mucosa , which cause a gingival called fibrosis . They can also cause tooth retention general or systemic causes such as: rickets, anemia , malnutrition , tuberculosis , metabolic and endocrine disorders congenital syphilis . After pathological conditions can cause the appearance of being held in the case of dental trauma in the primary dentition produced that cause changes of direction in the follicles of their permanent successors , which was called by Andreasen lesions developing teeth teeth. Within the surgical perform for the extraction of erupted teeth or retained procedures , we must take into account when planning treatment is necessary or desirable to carry out the division with dental or tooth extracted as a technique that simplifies the process of mobilization and dislocation of the same within its bony bed , and facilitates maneuvers expulsion. By decreasing the size of two or more fragments , thereby decreasing the amount of bone removed during the osteotomy , we decrease the surgical difficulty and improving postoperative morbidity .
There are multiple causes involved in tooth retention within them find local causes such as: The density of the bone covering the tooth , the lack of space in the jaws underdeveloped , prolonged retention of primary teeth or premature loss of these, the irregularity in the pressure and position of an adjacent tooth and one of the most common , the chronic inflammation that causes continuous increase in the density of the mucosa , which cause a gingival called fibrosis . They can also cause tooth retention general or systemic causes such as: rickets, anemia , malnutrition , tuberculosis , metabolic and endocrine disorders congenital syphilis . After pathological conditions can cause the appearance of being held in the case of dental trauma in the primary dentition produced that cause changes of direction in the follicles of their permanent successors , which was called by Andreasen lesions developing teeth teeth. Within the surgical perform for the extraction of erupted teeth or retained procedures , we must take into account when planning treatment is necessary or desirable to carry out the division with dental or tooth extracted as a technique that simplifies the process of mobilization and dislocation of the same within its bony bed , and facilitates maneuvers expulsion. By decreasing the size of two or more fragments , thereby decreasing the amount of bone removed during the osteotomy , we decrease the surgical difficulty and improving postoperative morbidity .
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CIRUGIA BUCO-MAXILOFACIAL