Metodología para la Construcción del Proyecto de 50 Casas Ecológicas Sismorresistentes Autosustentables Tipo Contenedor ubicado en la Urbanización "Ciudad Jardín Etapa 4" del Cantón Pedernales.
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil.
Resumen
Se realizó un anteproyecto sobre la metodología de construcción del nuevo
método constructivo, que está en auge en los países que tienen una alta tasa de
población y contaminación como España, Francia, Chile, Perú y México por citar
algunos. Éste método de construcción que se basó en contenedores es poco
conocido en Ecuador, el material del que están fabricados los contenedores es
Acero Corten, se hizo un análisis de las ventajas y desventajas que brindan este tipo
de viviendas, como el aprovechamiento del espacio para una familia pequeña, que
bastó con un solo contenedor para acogerla, las características de peso y soporte de
carga que lo hacen adaptable con una cimentación ligera a cualquier terreno, el
rendimiento estructural alto que le permiten que soporte la colocación de nuevos
módulos superiores, su portabilidad fue una de las ventajas ya que están diseñados
para facilitar su transporte, en sus costos de adquisición resultaron ser baratos y
reutilizables, esto permitió la reducción de los costos de mano de obra y materiales
de una construcción tradicional de ladrillo y cemento, su gran modularidad para ser
apilables, permitió que las construcciones sean en línea o en columna, su utilización
redujo la emisión de CO2 a la atmósfera, no necesitó prácticamente mantenimiento.
Para el desarrollo de este anteproyecto se hizo un análisis de varios
problemas que atraviesa la sociedad en nuestro país, como:
La contaminación del medio ambiente, que llevó a los profesionales en
Ingeniería civil a encontrar mecanismos para mitigar o dar una solución a
estos temas. La necesidad de una vivienda que cumpla con los requisitos mínimos
establecidos en la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción NEC-11.
VIVIENDAS Y EDIFICIOS DE BAJA ALTURA para el análisis, diseño y
construcción de viviendas en zonas de actividad sísmica. (NEC - 11, 2011,
pág. 4) fue otra de las problemáticas que surgió a partir del terremoto
suscitado en Abril del 2016 en la ciudad de Pedernales – Ecuador.
Después del desastre natural antes mencionado, muchas familias se
quedaron sin hogares, sin trabajos, sin ingresos, es por esto que ayudarlos de una
manera social con una vivienda al alcance de su presupuesto fue una problemática a
resolver con este anteproyecto se esperaba beneficiar a estas familias y a muchas
otras a nivel nacional que estaban pasando por la misma situación económica.
En este anteproyecto se mencionó una solución como fue la posible
construcción de una vivienda o 50 viviendas que fueran ecológicas, reutilizando
módulos de contenedores de carga marítimo y terrestre, para ayudar a mitigar la
problemática del medio ambiente, fue la forma más rápida de construcción, barata y
sismorresistente que permitió cumplir con las normas de construcción y ofrecer una
vivienda segura en donde formar un hogar, se tomó como modelo las 50 viviendas
que donó él Municipio de Guayaquil a los damnificados de Pedernales. Estas
viviendas constaban con 2 habitaciones y 1 área común para una familia máximo de
4 habitantes. Se mejoró la vivienda colocándole 1 baño para cumplir con las normas
(NEC-11, 2011) de confort y comodidad, para hacerla autosustentable se le colocó
un panel fotovoltaico con un sistema que le permitió durante el día utilizar los rayos
solares para abastecer la vivienda del consumo energético necesario, y durante la noche abastecerse de la red pública lo que demostró que el consumo esperado de
una familia promedio se redujo a la mitad.
A este anteproyecto se lo identificó como “VIVIENDAS TIPO CONTENEDOR”.
El Municipio de Manabí otorgó la plataforma de construcción urbanizada, con
servicios básicos como agua potable, luz eléctrica, redes para aguas servidas,
aguas lluvias y vías de acceso, que fue donada para la reubicación de alguna de las
familias que no podían construir sus viviendas en los lugares donde estaban
asentados ya que eran zonas muy peligrosas por haberse encontrado cerca de
abismos o el suelo no cumplía con la resistencia adecuada como para ser habitable.
Con este anteproyecto se verificó que el método constructivo es confiable, es
sismorresistente y económico en su construcción, es necesario darlo a conocer y
que la gente se instruya de las nuevas tecnologías en construcción que existen hoy
en día.
A preliminary project was carried out on the methodology of construction of the new construction method, which is booming in countries with a high population and pollution rate, such as Spain, France, Chile, Peru and Mexico, to name a few. This method of construction based on containers is little known in Ecuador, the material from which the containers are made is Corten Steel, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this type of housing, such as the use of space for a small family, which with only one container to accommodate it, the weight and load bearing characteristics that make it adaptable with a light foundation to any terrain, the high structural performance that allows it to support the placement of new upper modules, its portability was one of the advantages as they are designed to facilitate their transport, in their acquisition costs proved to be cheap and reusable, this allowed the reduction of labor costs and materials of a traditional brick and cement construction, its great modularity to be stackable, allows the constructions to be in line or in column, its use reduced the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, did not require practically maintenance. In order to develop this preliminary project, an analysis was made of several problems that society faces in our country, such as: • Pollution of the environment led the professionals in civil engineering to find mechanisms to mitigate or give a solution to these issues. • The need for housing that meets the minimum requirements established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-11. HOUSES AND BUILDINGS OF BAJA ALTURA for the analysis, design and construction of houses in areas of seismic activity. (NEC - 11, 2011, page 4) was another problem that arose from the earthquake that occurred in April 2016 in the city of Pedernales - Ecuador. After the natural disaster mentioned above, many families were left homeless, without jobs, without income, that is why helping them in a social way with a house within the reach of their budget was a problem to solve with this draft was expected to benefit these families and many others at the national level who were going through the same economic situation. This preliminary draft mentioned a solution such as the possible construction of a house or 50 homes that were ecological, using modules of containers of sea and land, to help mitigate the environmental problem, was the fastest way of construction, cheap and earthquake resistant to comply with building standards and provide a safe home to form a home. This project was identified as "HOUSING TYPE CONTAINER", The Municipality of Manabí granted the urbanized construction platform, with basic services such as potable water, electricity, sewage networks, rainwater and access roads, which was donated to the relocation of some of the families that still could not construct their houses in the places where they were settled since they were very dangerous zones to have been near abysses or the ground did not fulfill the adequate resistance to be habitable. With this preliminary project it was verified that the constructive method is reliable, it is seismic resistant and economic in its construction to make it known and that people are instructed of the new technologies in construction that exist today
A preliminary project was carried out on the methodology of construction of the new construction method, which is booming in countries with a high population and pollution rate, such as Spain, France, Chile, Peru and Mexico, to name a few. This method of construction based on containers is little known in Ecuador, the material from which the containers are made is Corten Steel, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this type of housing, such as the use of space for a small family, which with only one container to accommodate it, the weight and load bearing characteristics that make it adaptable with a light foundation to any terrain, the high structural performance that allows it to support the placement of new upper modules, its portability was one of the advantages as they are designed to facilitate their transport, in their acquisition costs proved to be cheap and reusable, this allowed the reduction of labor costs and materials of a traditional brick and cement construction, its great modularity to be stackable, allows the constructions to be in line or in column, its use reduced the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, did not require practically maintenance. In order to develop this preliminary project, an analysis was made of several problems that society faces in our country, such as: • Pollution of the environment led the professionals in civil engineering to find mechanisms to mitigate or give a solution to these issues. • The need for housing that meets the minimum requirements established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-11. HOUSES AND BUILDINGS OF BAJA ALTURA for the analysis, design and construction of houses in areas of seismic activity. (NEC - 11, 2011, page 4) was another problem that arose from the earthquake that occurred in April 2016 in the city of Pedernales - Ecuador. After the natural disaster mentioned above, many families were left homeless, without jobs, without income, that is why helping them in a social way with a house within the reach of their budget was a problem to solve with this draft was expected to benefit these families and many others at the national level who were going through the same economic situation. This preliminary draft mentioned a solution such as the possible construction of a house or 50 homes that were ecological, using modules of containers of sea and land, to help mitigate the environmental problem, was the fastest way of construction, cheap and earthquake resistant to comply with building standards and provide a safe home to form a home. This project was identified as "HOUSING TYPE CONTAINER", The Municipality of Manabí granted the urbanized construction platform, with basic services such as potable water, electricity, sewage networks, rainwater and access roads, which was donated to the relocation of some of the families that still could not construct their houses in the places where they were settled since they were very dangerous zones to have been near abysses or the ground did not fulfill the adequate resistance to be habitable. With this preliminary project it was verified that the constructive method is reliable, it is seismic resistant and economic in its construction to make it known and that people are instructed of the new technologies in construction that exist today
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METODOLOGÌA, SISMORRESISTENTE, AUTOSUSTENTABLES, ECOLÓGICAS, CONTENEDOR, ETHODOLOGY, EARTHQUAKE REISTANT, SELF-SUSTAINING, ECOLOGIAL, CONTAINER