“Evaluación de los parámetros productivos y reproductivos en cerdas mestizas utilizando el método de la inseminación artificial en la zona de Vinces durante el año 2014”
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2015-12-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil; Facultad de Ciencias para el Desarrollo.
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Esta investigación se realizó en la granja porcina “DADA”, ubicada en el Km 2 ½ de la vía Vinces Palizada Parroquia Antonio Sotomayor del Cantón Vinces provincia de Los Ríos- Ecuador. El objetivo general del estudio fue: Evaluar los parámetros productivos y reproductivos en cerdas mestizas a través de la inseminación artificial, y cuyos objetivos específicos fueron: Identificar cuál de los tratamientos reproductivos fue el más eficiente. Evaluar la tasa de prolificidad mediante la aplicación de la hormona liberadora de la gonadotropina (GnRH) post inseminación.
Se utilizó un diseño de “bloques completamente al azar” conformado por cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones, la cual cada unidad experimental estuvo conformado por tres cerdas mestizas cruzada con raza puras Yorkshire, Landrace, Piétrain, Duroc, mediante el método de inseminación artificial convencional, donde se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: Peso de la cerda al servicio, condición corporal durante la gestación, peso de la cerda final de la gestación, peso de la camada al nacimiento, tasa de prolificidad, porcentaje de fertilidad, peso de la cerda al final de la gestación, peso de la camada al destete, intervalo destete estro, valores determinados a los 42 días que fue el destete.
Los resultados arrojaron que el tratamiento T1 conformado por las cerdas mestizas cruzadas por raza Yorkshire presento los valores más altos, con un peso promedio de las camadas al nacimiento de 11,40 kg y un peso promedio de 1,50 kg por lechón mientras que el pesos promedios al destete de las camadas fue de 54,53 kg e individual de 7,20 kg, con una ganancia media diaria por lechón de 171,5 g por día y una tasa de prolificidad para este tratamiento de 10 lechones.
Seguido del tratamiento T3 cuyos cruces fueron cerdas mestizas por Piétrain, presento valores promedios de las camada al nacimiento de 9,8 kg y peso promedio de 1,40 kg por lechón mientras que el peso promedio al destete fue de 37,10 kg e individual de 5,5 kg por lechón con una ganancia media diaria 131g por día y una tasa de prolificidad 7,33 lechones por tratamiento, por su parte el T4 cuyos cruces raciales estuvieron conformados por cerdas mestizas y raza Duroc presento valores de 10,6 kg en promedio de las camadas al nacimiento y promedios de 1,30 kg mientras que al destete los valores fueron de 38,2 kg y un peso individual de 4,9 kg por lechón con una prolificidad para este tratamiento de 8,33 lechones con una ganancia diaria de 116 g por día.
Por su parte el T2 aunque tuvo mayor número de lechones y peso de la camada al nacimiento con 10,6 kg y 10 lechones en promedio el peso promedio por lechón fue de 1,30 kg mientras que al destete las camadas presentaron valores de 32,07 kg y peso individual de 4,3 con una ganancia media diaria de 102,4 g por día.
Se logró mejorar los parámetros productivos en porcinos al realizar cruzamientos entre cerdas mestizas del medio con reproductores de genética pura logrando así mejorar los pesos de los lechones al nacimiento y destete.
and weaning. This research was conducted at the pig farm "DADA", located at Km 2 ½ Palizada de parish Antonio Sotomayor Vinces via the Canton province of Los Rios Vinces Ecuador. The overall objective of the study was to: evaluate the productive and reproductive performance in crossbred sows THROUGH artificial insemination, and the specific objectives were: To identify reproductive treatments d which was the most efficient. Prolificacy evaluate rate by applying the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) post insemination. Design "randomized block" consists of five treatments and three repetitions, where each experimental unit was formed by three crossbred sows crossed with race pure Yorkshire, Landrace, Piétrain, Duroc, using the conventional method of artificial insemination was used, Weight sow the service, body condition during pregnancy, weight of the bristle end of pregnancy, weight d litter birth rate, prolificacy, fertility rate, sow weight at the end, where the following parameters were evaluated gestation, litter weight at weaning, weaning estrus interval, values determined at 42 days was weaning. The results showed that treatment T1 conformed by mestizo race Yorkshire sows crossed by presenting the most outstanding values, with an average litter weight at birth of 11.40 kg and an average weight of 1.50 kg per piglet while average litter weaning weights was 54.53 kg and 7.20 kg individual with an average daily gain of 171.5 g per piglet per day and prolificacy rate for this treatment of 10 piglets. While the T3 whose jurisdiction crosses Piétrain crossbred sows present average values of litter birth of 9.8 kg and average weight of 1.40 kg per piglet while the average weaning weight was 37.10 kg and individual 5.5 kg per piglet average daily gain with a 131g per day and prolificacy rate of 7.33 piglets per treatment, meanwhile the T4 whose racial crossings were composed of crossbred sows and Duroc present values of 10.6 kg Average birth and litter averages of 1.30 kg while weaning the values were 38.2 kg and an individual weight of 4.9 kg per piglet with this treatment prolificacy 8.33 piglets with a gain daily 116 g per day. For his part, although T2 had more piglets and litter weight at birth and 10.6 kg on average 10 piglets per piglet average weight was 1.30 kg while weaning the litters showed values of 32, each weighing 07 kg and 4.3 with an average daily gain of 102.4 g per day. It was improved growth performance in pigs to make crosses between crossbred sows the environment with genetically pure players achieving improved piglet weights at birth
and weaning. This research was conducted at the pig farm "DADA", located at Km 2 ½ Palizada de parish Antonio Sotomayor Vinces via the Canton province of Los Rios Vinces Ecuador. The overall objective of the study was to: evaluate the productive and reproductive performance in crossbred sows THROUGH artificial insemination, and the specific objectives were: To identify reproductive treatments d which was the most efficient. Prolificacy evaluate rate by applying the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) post insemination. Design "randomized block" consists of five treatments and three repetitions, where each experimental unit was formed by three crossbred sows crossed with race pure Yorkshire, Landrace, Piétrain, Duroc, using the conventional method of artificial insemination was used, Weight sow the service, body condition during pregnancy, weight of the bristle end of pregnancy, weight d litter birth rate, prolificacy, fertility rate, sow weight at the end, where the following parameters were evaluated gestation, litter weight at weaning, weaning estrus interval, values determined at 42 days was weaning. The results showed that treatment T1 conformed by mestizo race Yorkshire sows crossed by presenting the most outstanding values, with an average litter weight at birth of 11.40 kg and an average weight of 1.50 kg per piglet while average litter weaning weights was 54.53 kg and 7.20 kg individual with an average daily gain of 171.5 g per piglet per day and prolificacy rate for this treatment of 10 piglets. While the T3 whose jurisdiction crosses Piétrain crossbred sows present average values of litter birth of 9.8 kg and average weight of 1.40 kg per piglet while the average weaning weight was 37.10 kg and individual 5.5 kg per piglet average daily gain with a 131g per day and prolificacy rate of 7.33 piglets per treatment, meanwhile the T4 whose racial crossings were composed of crossbred sows and Duroc present values of 10.6 kg Average birth and litter averages of 1.30 kg while weaning the values were 38.2 kg and an individual weight of 4.9 kg per piglet with this treatment prolificacy 8.33 piglets with a gain daily 116 g per day. For his part, although T2 had more piglets and litter weight at birth and 10.6 kg on average 10 piglets per piglet average weight was 1.30 kg while weaning the litters showed values of 32, each weighing 07 kg and 4.3 with an average daily gain of 102.4 g per day. It was improved growth performance in pigs to make crosses between crossbred sows the environment with genetically pure players achieving improved piglet weights at birth
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Producción de cerdas mestizas
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