Cumplimiento de controles postquirúrgicos en pacientes post-colecistectomía
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El sistema digestivo consta de boca, faringe, esófago, estómago, intestino delgado,
intestino grueso, recto, ano, hígado, vesícula biliar, páncreas.
El aparato digestivo efectúa movimiento en forma rítmica existen do tipos de ondas
eléctricas las lentas y en puntas, que hacen avanzar el alimento desde la boca hasta su
salida por el ano en forma de heces este proceso demora aproximadamente 12-24
horas.
Una vez que el alimento entra en la boca es masticado y envuelto en jugo salivar. La
saliva es ligeramente acida de sales y sustancias orgánicas. El estómago proporciona un
ambiente acido para pasar el alimento al intestino delgado.
Las funciones hepáticas son más de 500 funciones, siendo las principales: producción
de bilis, secreción de glucosa, proteínas, vitaminas y grasas, procesamiento de la
hemoglobina y conversión de amoniaco en urea.
El páncreas actúa en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos. Segrega una importante
gama de sustancias, como son las enzimas digestivas, además de una serie de
hormonas, insulina, el glucagón y otras.
El intestino delgado es el primer sitio donde se inicia la digestión y la absorción en el
tracto gastrointestinal.
La principal función es la de concentrar, almacenar y excretar la bilis, los constituyentes
de la bilis son colesterol, bilirrubina y sales biliares.
La vesícula biliar es una bolsa en forma de pera situada en la superficie externa del
lóbulo derecho del hígado. Actúa de reservorio de la bilis producida por el hígado (unos
30-35cc). La bilis sale a la vesícula por el conducto colédoco y llega al duodeno.
La enfermedad biliar es la inflamación, infección, formación de cálculos u obstrucción
de dicho órgano. Los síntomas más comunes son: dolor abdominal, llenura abdominal,
fiebre, náuseas vómitos, acidez. Las más comunes son: colecistitis y colelitiasis los cuales se pueden detectar mediante ecografía abdominal, TAC de abdomen, radiografía del abdomen.
El tratamiento son quirúrgico: colecistectomía abierta y laparoscópica, los beneficios de
la extirpación son alivio del dolor y tratara la infección.
Las complicaciones son muchas como sangrado, infecciones,hernias, lesiones hepaticas
y del tracto biliar
The digestive system consists of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The digestive apparatus makes rhythmic movement. There are types of electric waves, slow and pointed, that advance the food from the mouth to its exit through the anus in the form of faeces. This process takes approximately 12-24 hours. It is innervated by the enteral nervous system that extends from the esophagus to the anus. Once the food enters the mouth it is chewed and wrapped in salivary juice. Saliva is slightly acidic of salts and organic substances. The stomach provides an acidic environment for passing food to the small intestine. The liver functions are more than 500 functions, the main ones being: production of bile, glucose secretion, proteins, vitamins and fats, processing of hemoglobin and conversion of ammonia into urea. The pancreas acts on the metabolism of carbohydrates. It secretes an important range of substances, such as digestive enzymes, as well as a series of hormones, insulin, glucagon and others. The main function is to concentrate, store and excrete bile, the constituents of bile are cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped bag located on the outer surface of the right lobe of the liver. It acts as a reservoir of bile produced by the liver (about 30-35cc). The bile exits the gall bladder through the common bile duct and reaches the duodenum. Biliary disease is inflammation, infection, stone formation or obstruction of said organ. The most common symptoms are: abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, fever, nausea, vomiting, heartburn. The most common are: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis which can be detected by abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, radiography of the abdomen. The treatment is surgical: open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the benefits of the excision are pain relief and will treat the infection. Complications are many such as bleeding, infections, hernias, hepatic and biliary tract lesions
The digestive system consists of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The digestive apparatus makes rhythmic movement. There are types of electric waves, slow and pointed, that advance the food from the mouth to its exit through the anus in the form of faeces. This process takes approximately 12-24 hours. It is innervated by the enteral nervous system that extends from the esophagus to the anus. Once the food enters the mouth it is chewed and wrapped in salivary juice. Saliva is slightly acidic of salts and organic substances. The stomach provides an acidic environment for passing food to the small intestine. The liver functions are more than 500 functions, the main ones being: production of bile, glucose secretion, proteins, vitamins and fats, processing of hemoglobin and conversion of ammonia into urea. The pancreas acts on the metabolism of carbohydrates. It secretes an important range of substances, such as digestive enzymes, as well as a series of hormones, insulin, glucagon and others. The main function is to concentrate, store and excrete bile, the constituents of bile are cholesterol, bilirubin and bile salts. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped bag located on the outer surface of the right lobe of the liver. It acts as a reservoir of bile produced by the liver (about 30-35cc). The bile exits the gall bladder through the common bile duct and reaches the duodenum. Biliary disease is inflammation, infection, stone formation or obstruction of said organ. The most common symptoms are: abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, fever, nausea, vomiting, heartburn. The most common are: cholecystitis and cholelithiasis which can be detected by abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT scan, radiography of the abdomen. The treatment is surgical: open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the benefits of the excision are pain relief and will treat the infection. Complications are many such as bleeding, infections, hernias, hepatic and biliary tract lesions
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Colecistectomía, Colelitiasis, Complicaciones posoperatorias, Hospital General Dr. León Becerra Camacho, Cantón Milagro, Ecuador, Cuidados posoperatorios