Histoplasmosis : factores de riesgo de histoplasmosis en pacientes inmunocomprometidos entre 18-35 años
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La histoplasmosis es una enfermedad ocasionada por un microorganismo denominado Histoplasma capsulatum el cual ingresa al ser humano mediante la inhalación de las esporas la cuales alcanzan los pulmones, la diseminación de este hongo dimorfico el cual es especialmente liberado en el aire cuando se maniobra el suelo en los campos de siembra de agricultura o, cuando se limpian los gallineros, e incluso al cavar un hoyo en el suelo.
Debemos considerar a la Histoplasmosis como una micosis de distribución amplia dada su capacidad de desarrollo especialmente en zonas templadas o tropicales y húmedas del mundo.
Teniendo en cuenta las estadísticas del Ecuador según datos del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) del año 2016 se encontró que la población de jóvenes entre 15 y 29 años da un total 335 casos y en la población cuyas edades oscilan entre 30 y 49 años dándonos un total de 3.421 casos de VIH/SIDA lo que nos indica que en la provincia del Guayas de 33.0% en hombres y un 17.0% en las mujeres son portadores de VIH. La población más afectada fue el sexo masculino con un 63.93% sobre el femenino adjuntando que entre esta población las personas en unión libre y estado civil soltero presentaron cifras del 56% y 31% respectivamente.
El 95% de los pacientes con Histoplasmosis + VIH/SIDA no presentaron complicaciones significativas, pero se encontró asociación a TB en formas pulmonar y extrapulmonar en algunos de los casos reportando cifras del 21.05% y 28.07% respectivamente, lo que muestras un 49.12% de asociación a TB sobre otras patologías asociadas.
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Los tratamientos más apropiados para esta patología fue el uso de Anfotericina B junto al TARGA acorde a los esquemas terapéuticos del Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP).
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by a microorganism called Histoplasma capsulatum Which enters the human being by inhaling the spores which reach the lungs, the spread of this dimorphic fungus which is especially released in the air when the soil is maneuvered in the fields of agriculture planting or, when cleaned the henhouses, and even digging a hole in the ground. We should consider histoplasmosis as a broad-distribution mycosis given its developmental capacity especially in areas Temperate or tropical and humid in the world. Taking into account the statistics of Ecuador according to data from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) of the year 2016 it was found that the population of young people between 15 and 29 years gives a total 335 cases and in the population whose ages range between 30 and 49 years giving us a total of 3,421 CAs of HIV/AIDS which indicates that in the province of Guayas of 33.0% in men and 17.0% in women are carriers of HIV. The most affected population was the male sex with a 63.93% On the female attaching that among this population people in free Union and marital status presented figures of 56% and 31respectively. 95% of patients with histoplasmosis + HIV/AIDS did not present significant complications, but TB Association was found in pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms in some cases reporting figures from 21.05% and 28.07% respectively, which shows a 49.12% association to TB on other associated pathologies. XVII The most appropriate treatments for this pathology were the use of amphotericin B along with the TARGA according to the therapeutic schemes of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP-Ecuador).
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by a microorganism called Histoplasma capsulatum Which enters the human being by inhaling the spores which reach the lungs, the spread of this dimorphic fungus which is especially released in the air when the soil is maneuvered in the fields of agriculture planting or, when cleaned the henhouses, and even digging a hole in the ground. We should consider histoplasmosis as a broad-distribution mycosis given its developmental capacity especially in areas Temperate or tropical and humid in the world. Taking into account the statistics of Ecuador according to data from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) of the year 2016 it was found that the population of young people between 15 and 29 years gives a total 335 cases and in the population whose ages range between 30 and 49 years giving us a total of 3,421 CAs of HIV/AIDS which indicates that in the province of Guayas of 33.0% in men and 17.0% in women are carriers of HIV. The most affected population was the male sex with a 63.93% On the female attaching that among this population people in free Union and marital status presented figures of 56% and 31respectively. 95% of patients with histoplasmosis + HIV/AIDS did not present significant complications, but TB Association was found in pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms in some cases reporting figures from 21.05% and 28.07% respectively, which shows a 49.12% association to TB on other associated pathologies. XVII The most appropriate treatments for this pathology were the use of amphotericin B along with the TARGA according to the therapeutic schemes of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP-Ecuador).
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Histoplasmosis, Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Anfotericina B, Factores de riesgo, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana