ComplIcaciones de los accesos vasculares en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que se realizan hemodiálisis en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón en el período 2014-2016
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La terapia de sustitución renal constituye una opción de tratamiento que es ampliamente aplicada en todo el mundo, y que hace que la calidad de vida de estos pacientes mejore por algunos años más. Según estudios realizados anteriormente se estima que existen unas 400 (cuatrocientos) enfermos renales crónicos por millón de habitantes. La severidad que representa esta patología incrementa al determinarse complicaciones asociadas a la misma, así como asociadas a la intervención quirúrgica realizada. Gracias a los resultados obtenidos se puede llegar a la conclusión que de una muestra compuesta por 250 pacientes, distribuyéndolos en base al grupo etario se obtienen los siguiente datos, 186 pacientes correspondían al rango entre 31 a 60 años de edad (74,40%), seguido de la edad entre 18 a 30 años con 37 casos (14,80%) y finalmente mayores a 60 años con 27 casos (10,80%). Esto es el porcentaje de enfermos renales crónicos en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton. Por este motivo se puede realizar una relación directa entre la edad y la aparición de la enfermedad así como también es importante determinar la asociación con otras patologías. Se puede determinar que, al menos 1 de cada 2 pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en etapa dialítica presentaba Diabetes Mellitus o Hipertensión arterial, por lo que se establece una asociación directa entre la presencia de estos dos factores y el desarrollo de esta patología ene tapas dialíticas. Por último el tipo de acceso vascular mayormente utilizado es la fístula arteriovenosa, la cual presenta como principal complicación a desarrollar el cuadro de hemorragia, principalmente en la zona donde se realizó el acceso, y es debido a esto que los pacientes son sometidos a nuevas intervenciones quirúrgicas para poder crear nuevos accesos y así continuar con la terapia dialítica.
Palabras clave: acceso vascular, hemodiálisis, enfermedad renal crónica.
Renal replacement therapy is a treatment option that is widely applied throughout the world, and that makes the quality of life of these patients improve for a few more years. According to previous studies it is estimated that there are about 400 (four hundred) chronic kidney patients per million inhabitants. The severity that this pathology represents increases when complications associated with it are determined, as well as associated with the surgical intervention performed. Thanks to the results obtained, it can be concluded that of a sample composed of 250 patients, distributing them based on the age group, the following data are obtained, 186 patients corresponded to the range between 31 to 60 years of age (74.40%) , followed by the age between 18 to 30 years with 37 cases (14.80%) and finally greater than 60 years with 27 cases (10.80%). This is the percentage of chronic kidney patients in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital. For this reason, a direct relationship can be made between age and the onset of the disease, and it is important to determine the association with other pathologies. It can be determined that, at least 1 in every 2 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the dialysis stage had Diabetes Mellitus or arterial hypertension, so a direct association is established between the presence of these two factors and the development of this pathology in dialytic caps . Finally, the type of vascular access most commonly used is the arteriovenous fistula, which has the main complication to develop the hemorrhage, mainly in the area where access was made, and this is why patients undergo new interventions surgical procedures in order to create new accesses and thus continue with dialysis therapy.
Renal replacement therapy is a treatment option that is widely applied throughout the world, and that makes the quality of life of these patients improve for a few more years. According to previous studies it is estimated that there are about 400 (four hundred) chronic kidney patients per million inhabitants. The severity that this pathology represents increases when complications associated with it are determined, as well as associated with the surgical intervention performed. Thanks to the results obtained, it can be concluded that of a sample composed of 250 patients, distributing them based on the age group, the following data are obtained, 186 patients corresponded to the range between 31 to 60 years of age (74.40%) , followed by the age between 18 to 30 years with 37 cases (14.80%) and finally greater than 60 years with 27 cases (10.80%). This is the percentage of chronic kidney patients in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital. For this reason, a direct relationship can be made between age and the onset of the disease, and it is important to determine the association with other pathologies. It can be determined that, at least 1 in every 2 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the dialysis stage had Diabetes Mellitus or arterial hypertension, so a direct association is established between the presence of these two factors and the development of this pathology in dialytic caps . Finally, the type of vascular access most commonly used is the arteriovenous fistula, which has the main complication to develop the hemorrhage, mainly in the area where access was made, and this is why patients undergo new interventions surgical procedures in order to create new accesses and thus continue with dialysis therapy.
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Insuficiencia renal crónica, Diálisis renal, Dispositivos de acceso vascular, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador