Presentación clínica de la hipoglucemia como complicación aguda de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en el Area de Emergencia del Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, período 2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 se define como trastornos metabólicos de diversas etiologías las cuales se caracterizan por hiperglicemia crónica y trastornos en el metabolismo de hidratos de carbono, grasas y proteínas, los cuales resulta de la coexistencia de defectos multiorgánicos especialmente en ojos, corazón, vasos sanguíneos, nervios y riñones. Como complicación aguda más frecuente tenemos a la hipoglicemia que es una emergencia endocrina, siendo más frecuente en los pacientes con diabetes que reciben tratamiento con insulina y es el principal factor de limitación en la optimización del control de la enfermedad. MATERIALES Y METODOS: El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y tipo descriptivo que se llevó a cabo mediante la revisión de historias clínicas realizadas a los pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón de la ciudad de Guayaquil en el año 2017. RESULTADO: Más del 80% presentaba historia de Diabetes Mellitus por más de 5 años cuando menos. El 70% de la población utilizaba algún hipoglicemiante oral (metformina o metformina asociado a otro medicamento). De estos, 28/71 estaba asociado a insulina. Los síntomas al momento del ingreso fueron principalmente autonómicos (70/99). La sobredosis terapéutica figura como la posible causa principalmente asociada a hipoglicemia como motivo de consulta de urgencia en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, presente en un 58% de los casos analizados. El tratamiento consistió en solución glucosilada en 81% de los casos.
PALABRAS
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is defined as metabolic disorders of various etiologies which are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which results from the coexistence of multiorganic defects especially in eyes, heart, vessels blood, nerves and kidneys. As a more frequent acute complication, we have hypoglycemia, which is an endocrine emergency. It is more frequent in patients with diabetes who receive insulin treatment and is the main limiting factor in the optimization of disease control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present research work had a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive type approach that was carried out through the review of clinical records made to the patients of the Specialties Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontoon of the city of Guayaquil in the year 2017. RESULT: More than 80% presented a history of Diabetes Mellitus for at least 5 years. 70% of the population used an oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin or metformin associated with another medication). Of these, 28/71 was associated with insulin. Symptoms at admission were mainly autonomic (70/99). The therapeutic overdose appears as the possible cause mainly associated with hypoglycemia as a reason for emergency consultation in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, present in 58% of the cases analyzed. The treatment consisted of glycosylated solution in 81% of the cases.
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is defined as metabolic disorders of various etiologies which are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, which results from the coexistence of multiorganic defects especially in eyes, heart, vessels blood, nerves and kidneys. As a more frequent acute complication, we have hypoglycemia, which is an endocrine emergency. It is more frequent in patients with diabetes who receive insulin treatment and is the main limiting factor in the optimization of disease control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present research work had a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive type approach that was carried out through the review of clinical records made to the patients of the Specialties Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontoon of the city of Guayaquil in the year 2017. RESULT: More than 80% presented a history of Diabetes Mellitus for at least 5 years. 70% of the population used an oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin or metformin associated with another medication). Of these, 28/71 was associated with insulin. Symptoms at admission were mainly autonomic (70/99). The therapeutic overdose appears as the possible cause mainly associated with hypoglycemia as a reason for emergency consultation in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2, present in 58% of the cases analyzed. The treatment consisted of glycosylated solution in 81% of the cases.
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Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Hipoglucemia, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador