Epidemiología de la anemia durante la gestación en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur estudio realizar en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur enero 2017 - 2018
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la epidemiologia de la anemia durante la
gestación en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur. Es un estudio de tipo
observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal, que incluyó a 175 mujeres
embarazadas del Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el periodo del 1 de
enero del 2017 al 1 de enero del 2018. Se empleó estadística descriptiva e
inferencial y el software estadístico SPSS versión 21. Se encontró una
prevalencia alta de anemia del 24%, el 62% (109) estuvo conformado por
mujeres adultas jóvenes entre 20-35 años de edad, el 54% (95) tenía como
lugar de residencia las zonas urbano-periféricas. El análisis estadístico
demostró que existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la anemia
gestacional con la presencia de factores de riesgo (p = 0,0001). Además, la
estimación de riesgo indica que la presencia de factores asociados aumenta
11 veces el riesgo de desarrollar anemia durante el embarazo (OR: 11,484).
Los principales factores de riesgo encontrados fueron la escolaridad deficiente
(87%), vivir en zona urbano-periférica (54%) y la falta de orientación nutricional
en el 45%. Se concluye que la anemia en el embarazo predominó en grupos
susceptibles de mujeres jóvenes, de escasa instrucción académica y de estado
socioeconómico bajo. Se recomienda mayor atención a los factores de riesgo
demográficos y mayor control prenatal.
Palabras claves: anemia, embarazo, factor de riesgo.
The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiology of anemia during pregnancy in the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. This is an observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included 175 pregnant women at the General Guasmo Sur Hospital during the period from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistics and statistical software were used. SPSS version 21. A high prevalence of anemia of 24% was found, 62% (109) was comprised of young adult women between 20-35 years of age, 54% (95) had urban areas as residence peripheral. The statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant association between gestational anemia with the presence of risk factors (p = 0.0001). In addition, the risk estimate indicates that the presence of associated factors increases the risk of developing anemia during pregnancy 11 times (OR: 11,484). The main risk factors found were poor schooling (87%), living in an urban-peripheral zone (54%) and lack of nutritional guidance in 45%. It is concluded that anemia in pregnancy predominated in susceptible groups of young women, of poor academic instruction and low socioeconomic status. Greater attention is recommended to demographic risk factors and greater prenatal control.
The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiology of anemia during pregnancy in the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. This is an observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included 175 pregnant women at the General Guasmo Sur Hospital during the period from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistics and statistical software were used. SPSS version 21. A high prevalence of anemia of 24% was found, 62% (109) was comprised of young adult women between 20-35 years of age, 54% (95) had urban areas as residence peripheral. The statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant association between gestational anemia with the presence of risk factors (p = 0.0001). In addition, the risk estimate indicates that the presence of associated factors increases the risk of developing anemia during pregnancy 11 times (OR: 11,484). The main risk factors found were poor schooling (87%), living in an urban-peripheral zone (54%) and lack of nutritional guidance in 45%. It is concluded that anemia in pregnancy predominated in susceptible groups of young women, of poor academic instruction and low socioeconomic status. Greater attention is recommended to demographic risk factors and greater prenatal control.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo, Anemia, Factores de riesgo, Control prenatal, Hospital General Guasmo sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Epidemiología