Correlación clínica - molecular en las enfermedades chikungunya y dengue en el Hospital Luis Vernaza, período enero- diciembre 2016
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Introducción: A nivel mundial las enfermedades víricas como Dengue (DENV) y
Chikungunya (CHIKV) están presentes en alto porcentaje dentro de la población de las zonas
tropicales. Ambas patologías infecciosas comparten algunas similitudes tanto en su siclo
evolutivo y a nivel de la sintomatología, representando una emergencia en la Salud Mundial.
Objetivos: Determinar la correlación clínica-molecular en las enfermedades DENV y
CHIKV y valorar el método diagnóstico molecular en la fase temprana de la sintomatología
viral. Establecer la frecuencia de CHIKV y DENV en el Hospital Luis Vernaza.Metodología:
El presente trabajo investigativo es un estudio de tipo Observacional, descriptivo, transversal,
realizado en el Hospital Luis Vernaza dentro del periodo Enero a Diciembre de 2016. El
universo de estudio fueron pacientes sintomáticos del área de consulta externa y en
hospitalización. El estudio de las infecciones se realizó por medio de la técnica molecular de
Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa – Transcriptasa Reversa, en Tiempo Real (rRT-PCR),
los datos de estudio fueron obtenidos de la Historia clínica. Resultados: de 102 pacientes
estudiados, 43 resultaron positivos para infección por Arbovirus: 27 mujeres y 16 hombres. A
nivel de mono-infección, se identificaron 5 casos (4,9%) para DENV y29 casos (28%) para
CHIKV. En la co-infección por DENV y CHIKV se observaron 9 casos (8,8%)y el restante
de 59 casos (58%) resultaron negativos. La sintomatología causada por infecciones por
DENV y CHIKV fue similar: Fiebre y artralgia, sin embargo, existió mayor número de casos
sintomáticos para CHIKV. Conclusiones: no se observaron diferencias entre la
sintomatología causadas por las arbovirosis. La detección molecular de la etiología viral
permite su determinación en fase temprana.
Introduction: Worldwide, viral diseases such as Dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) are present in a high percentage of the population of the tropics. Both infectious pathologies share some similarities both in their evolutionary cycle and in terms of symptomatology, representing an emergency in World Health. Objectives: To determine the clinical-molecular correlation in DENV and CHIKV diseases and to assess the molecular diagnostic method in the early phase of viral symptomatology. Establish the frequency of CHIKV and DENV at the Luis Vernaza Hospital. Methodology: The present research work is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the Luis Vernaza Hospital from January to December 2016. The study universe was symptomatic patients from the outpatient area and in hospitalization. The study of the infections was carried out by means of the molecular technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Reverse Transcriptase, in Real Time (rRT-PCR), the study data were obtained from the clinical history. Results: Of 102 patients studied, 43 were positive for Arbovirus infection: 27 women and 16 men. At the monoinfection level, 5 cases were identified (4.9%) for DENV and 29 cases (28%) for CHIKV. In the co-infection by DENV and CHIKV, 9 cases (8.8%) were observed and the remaining 59 cases (58%) were negative. Symptoms caused by DENV and CHIKV infections were similar: Fever and arthralgia, however, there were more symptomatic cases for CHIKV. Conclusions: no differences were observed between the symptoms caused by arbovirosis. The molecular detection of the viral etiology allows its determination in the early phase.
Introduction: Worldwide, viral diseases such as Dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) are present in a high percentage of the population of the tropics. Both infectious pathologies share some similarities both in their evolutionary cycle and in terms of symptomatology, representing an emergency in World Health. Objectives: To determine the clinical-molecular correlation in DENV and CHIKV diseases and to assess the molecular diagnostic method in the early phase of viral symptomatology. Establish the frequency of CHIKV and DENV at the Luis Vernaza Hospital. Methodology: The present research work is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the Luis Vernaza Hospital from January to December 2016. The study universe was symptomatic patients from the outpatient area and in hospitalization. The study of the infections was carried out by means of the molecular technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Reverse Transcriptase, in Real Time (rRT-PCR), the study data were obtained from the clinical history. Results: Of 102 patients studied, 43 were positive for Arbovirus infection: 27 women and 16 men. At the monoinfection level, 5 cases were identified (4.9%) for DENV and 29 cases (28%) for CHIKV. In the co-infection by DENV and CHIKV, 9 cases (8.8%) were observed and the remaining 59 cases (58%) were negative. Symptoms caused by DENV and CHIKV infections were similar: Fever and arthralgia, however, there were more symptomatic cases for CHIKV. Conclusions: no differences were observed between the symptoms caused by arbovirosis. The molecular detection of the viral etiology allows its determination in the early phase.
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Dengue, Virus del chikungunya, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa–transcriptasa reversa, Correlación de datos, Diagnóstico clínico, Técnicas de laboratorio clínico