Efectos del tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes inmunocomprometidos con VIH sida. Estudio a realizar en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón período 2016-2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana o VIH es un lentivirus que causa la infección por VIH1 y con el tiempo el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. El SIDA es una enfermedad que progresa hacia la falla del sistema inmune, lo que permite que se desarrollen infecciones oportunistas y cánceres potencialmente mortales. Sin tratamiento, se estima que la sobrevida promedio después de la infección de VIH es de 9 a 11 años; dependiendo en el subtipo de VIH. La infección con VIH ocurre por la transferencia de fluidos como sangre, semen, flujo vaginal, líquido preseminal o leche materna. Dentro de estos fluidos corporales, el VIH está presente tanto como partículas libres y virus dentro de células inmunes infectadas. Objetivos Analizar los efectos del tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes entre 14 a 50 años diagnosticados con VIH en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, en el período comprendido entre Enero 2016 a Enero del 2017. Hipótesis El desarrollo de efectos adversos en base al tratamiento antirretroviral está directamente relacionado con factores como: sexo y edad del paciente, tipo de terapia recibida, contaje de CD4 y carga viral.Resultados. Metodologia: La Investigación se desarrolló en el área de consulta externa y hospitalización de Medicina Interna del hospital durante el periodo comprendido entre Enero del año 2016 a Enero del 2017. Variables: Sexo, edad, esquema antirretroviral, efectos colaterales, conteo linfocitos T CD4, función hepática, función renal. Resultados: En cuanto a la prevalencia de casos en base al sexo de los pacientes, se evidencia un mayor número de casos, de 92 (71,09%), correspondiente a pacientes de sexo masculino, mientras que, los 30 pacientes restantes, equivalente a un 28,91% de los casos, correspondieron a pacientes de sexo femenino. Se establece, por ende, una asociación directa entre el sexo masculino y el desarrollo de enfermedad por VIH (p<0,005).
The human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection1 and eventually acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a disease that progresses to the failure of the immune system, which allows opportunistic infections and potentially deadly cancers to develop. Without treatment, it is estimated that the average survival after HIV infection is 9 to 11 years; depending on the subtype of HIV. HIV infection occurs through the transfer of fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-seminal fluid, or breast milk. Within these body fluids, HIV is present as much as free particles and viruses inside infected immune cells. Objectives To analyze the effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients between 14 to 50 years of age diagnosed with HIV at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital, in the period between January 2016 and January 2017. Hypothesis The development of adverse effects based on antiretroviral treatment is directly related with factors such as: sex and age of the patient, type of therapy received, CD4 count and viral load. Results. Methodology: The research was developed in the area of external consultation and hospitalization of Internal Medicine of the hospital during the period between January 2016 to January 2017. Variables: Sex, age, antiretroviral scheme, side effects, CD4 T lymphocyte count, Liver function, renal function. Results: Regarding the prevalence of cases based on the sex of the patients, a greater number of cases is evidenced, of 92 (71.09%), corresponding to male patients, while, the remaining 30 patients, equivalent to 28.91% of the cases, they corresponded to female patients. Therefore, a direct association between male sex and the development of HIV disease is established (p <0.005).
The human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a lentivirus that causes HIV infection1 and eventually acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a disease that progresses to the failure of the immune system, which allows opportunistic infections and potentially deadly cancers to develop. Without treatment, it is estimated that the average survival after HIV infection is 9 to 11 years; depending on the subtype of HIV. HIV infection occurs through the transfer of fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-seminal fluid, or breast milk. Within these body fluids, HIV is present as much as free particles and viruses inside infected immune cells. Objectives To analyze the effects of antiretroviral treatment in patients between 14 to 50 years of age diagnosed with HIV at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital, in the period between January 2016 and January 2017. Hypothesis The development of adverse effects based on antiretroviral treatment is directly related with factors such as: sex and age of the patient, type of therapy received, CD4 count and viral load. Results. Methodology: The research was developed in the area of external consultation and hospitalization of Internal Medicine of the hospital during the period between January 2016 to January 2017. Variables: Sex, age, antiretroviral scheme, side effects, CD4 T lymphocyte count, Liver function, renal function. Results: Regarding the prevalence of cases based on the sex of the patients, a greater number of cases is evidenced, of 92 (71.09%), corresponding to male patients, while, the remaining 30 patients, equivalent to 28.91% of the cases, they corresponded to female patients. Therefore, a direct association between male sex and the development of HIV disease is established (p <0.005).
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Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Infección, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Antirretrovirales, Tratamiento, Efectos de los fármacos, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador