Factores desencadenantes de dermatitis atópica en niños de 6 meses - 12 años del Hospital Universitario 2016
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La dermatitis atópica al ser una enfermedad común de la piel es más prevalente en la infancia, presentándose antes de los 5 años en un 46%. Generalmente empieza luego del tercer mes de vida y la mayoría de los casos se diagnostica antes del año. El presente estudio fue realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, al presentar una gran demanda de atención en el área de dermatología, siendo los menores desde los 6 meses a 12 años con 5,4% de atención. El periodo de estudio fue de 1 año, que corresponde desde enero hasta diciembre 2016. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante la revisión de historias clínicas y la base datos proporcionado por el área de estadísticas del Hospital. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es determinar los factores desencadenantes de la dermatitis atópica en los infantes que acuden a la institución. La indagación bibliográfica nos indica que los factores ambientales, genéticos, inmunológicos, entre otros son los factores desencadenantes de esta patología y que según historias clínicas tienen los pacientes atópicos. La incidencia de dermatitis atópico encontrada fue de un 68% (1427 casos pediátricos con DA, de un total de 2114 consulta dermatológicas). Se observa una mayor frecuencia en pacientes lactantes (40%), y discreta predominancia de pacientes masculinos (52%). Para los factores desencadenantes las historias clínicas indican que los pacientes han tenido algún familiar con este diagnóstico (49%), también (34%) al factor ambiental, siendo estos los factores desencadenantes de los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticado con dermatitis atópica.
Atopic dermatitis, being a common skin disease, is more prevalent in childhood, occurring before age 5 in 46%. The third month of life is over, and most cases are diagnosed before the year. The present study was conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, presenting a high demand for care in the dermatology area, with children under 6 months to 12 years with 5.4% care. The study period was 1 year, which corresponds from January to December 2016. The collection of information was done by reviewing medical records and the database provided by the Hospital's statistics area. The main objective of this project is to determine the factors that trigger atopic dermatitis in infants who come to the institution. The bibliographic inquiry indicates that the environmental, genetic, immunological factors, among others, are the triggering factors of this pathology and that according to the clinical histories of atopic patients. The incidence of atopic dermatitis was found 68% (1427 pediatric cases with AD, out of a total of 2114 dermatological consultations). A higher frequency was observed in nursing patients (40%), and a slight predominance of male patients (52%). The triggers of the clinical histories indicate that the patients have been familiar with the diagnosis (49%), also (34%) to the environmental factor, being these triggers of the pediatric patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis, being a common skin disease, is more prevalent in childhood, occurring before age 5 in 46%. The third month of life is over, and most cases are diagnosed before the year. The present study was conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, presenting a high demand for care in the dermatology area, with children under 6 months to 12 years with 5.4% care. The study period was 1 year, which corresponds from January to December 2016. The collection of information was done by reviewing medical records and the database provided by the Hospital's statistics area. The main objective of this project is to determine the factors that trigger atopic dermatitis in infants who come to the institution. The bibliographic inquiry indicates that the environmental, genetic, immunological factors, among others, are the triggering factors of this pathology and that according to the clinical histories of atopic patients. The incidence of atopic dermatitis was found 68% (1427 pediatric cases with AD, out of a total of 2114 dermatological consultations). A higher frequency was observed in nursing patients (40%), and a slight predominance of male patients (52%). The triggers of the clinical histories indicate that the patients have been familiar with the diagnosis (49%), also (34%) to the environmental factor, being these triggers of the pediatric patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
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Dermatitis atópica, Pediatría, Factores desencadenantes, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador