Factores de riesgo de carcinoma basocelular en pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil - 2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El carcinoma basocelular es la variante de cáncer de piel más frecuente, el cual tiene su origen en la capa basal de la epidermis y sus apéndices. Es el tipo más común de cáncer cutáneo y la neoplasia más frecuente en el ser humano, es localmente infiltrante, agresivo y destructivo, pero su capacidad para metastatizar es muy limitada. Existen diferentes tipos: nodular, ulcerativo, pigmentado, esclerosante y superficial. En cuestión de su localización se encuentran en un 85% en la región cervico-facial, teniendo predilección por la nariz en un 30%, región paranasal, pabellón y zona preauricular, área palpebral, mejillas y sien. La exposición a la radiación ultravioleta es el factor más importante para el desarrollo de Carcinoma Basocelular, pero se conoce también que otros factores de riesgo muy influyentes es la exposición crónica al arsénico, terapia con radiación, terapia inmunosupresora, traumas mecánicos, cicatrices recalcitrantes y el síndrome de nevos de células basales. La exposición y la susceptibilidad del huésped a la radiación solar se consideran factores de riesgo que están en íntima relación con la genética de cada persona, siendo más susceptibles aquellos pacientes con piel clara, ojos claros, cabello rojo, ascendencia europea y los extremos etarios (niños y adultos mayores). Hablando específicamente en nuestro país, las condiciones laborales de ciertas personas, aportan al alto riesgo de desarrollar Carcinoma Basocelular, sobretodo en áreas rurales donde trabajadores como agricultores, pescadores, mineros, campesinos, etc van a estar en contacto directo y muchas veces no protegidos ante la radiacion ultravioleta proviniente del sol.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent variant of skin cancer, which originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and its appendages. It is the most common type of skin cancer and the most frequent neoplasm in humans, locally it is infiltrative, aggressive and destructive, but its ability to metastasize is very limited. There are different types: nodular, ulcerative, pigmented, sclerosing and superficial. In terms of their location they are found 85% in the cervico-facial region, having a nose predilection of 30%, paranasal region, pabellon and preauricular area, palpebral area, cheeks and temples. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the most important factor for the development of Basal Cell Carcinoma, but it is also known that there are other very influential risk factors such as chronic exposure to arsenic, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, mechanical traumas, recalcitrant scars and the basal cell nevi syndrome. Exposure and susceptibility of the host to solar radiation are considered risk factors that are intimately related to the genetics of each person, being more susceptible those patients with fair skin, light eyes, red hair, European ancestry and age extremes ( children and seniors). Speaking specifically in our country, the working conditions of certain people, contribute to the high risk of developing Basal Cell Carcinoma, especially in rural areas where workers such as farmers, fishermen, miners, etc. will be in direct contact and often not protected before the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent variant of skin cancer, which originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and its appendages. It is the most common type of skin cancer and the most frequent neoplasm in humans, locally it is infiltrative, aggressive and destructive, but its ability to metastasize is very limited. There are different types: nodular, ulcerative, pigmented, sclerosing and superficial. In terms of their location they are found 85% in the cervico-facial region, having a nose predilection of 30%, paranasal region, pabellon and preauricular area, palpebral area, cheeks and temples. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the most important factor for the development of Basal Cell Carcinoma, but it is also known that there are other very influential risk factors such as chronic exposure to arsenic, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, mechanical traumas, recalcitrant scars and the basal cell nevi syndrome. Exposure and susceptibility of the host to solar radiation are considered risk factors that are intimately related to the genetics of each person, being more susceptible those patients with fair skin, light eyes, red hair, European ancestry and age extremes ( children and seniors). Speaking specifically in our country, the working conditions of certain people, contribute to the high risk of developing Basal Cell Carcinoma, especially in rural areas where workers such as farmers, fishermen, miners, etc. will be in direct contact and often not protected before the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun.
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Carcinoma basocelular, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores de riesgo