Proyecto de factibilidad para la implementación y puesta en marcha de una planta procesadora de biodiesel.
Fecha
2012-07-13
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo de esta Tesis de Grado es: Proponer la implementación de una
planta procesadora de biocombustibles con base en el uso de aceites comestibles
reciclados, en la ciudad de Guayaquil, de tal forma que contribuya a la reducción
del impacto ambiental originado por el consumo de los combustibles derivados del
petróleo. Para el efecto, se aplica la metodología de la encuesta a transportistas que
consumen diesel en sus automotores, tomando como base al Sistema de la
Metrovia de la ciudad de Guayaquil, a través de la selección de una muestra
aleatoria, con la ayuda de gráficos estadísticos de pastel, barras, líneas y la
obtención de los parámetros de estadísticas descriptivas, que sirven para efectuar el
análisis de la demanda y de la oferta, calculándose la demanda insatisfecha; luego
se realiza el análisis de los factores para determinar el tamaño de la planta, la
localización óptima y la Ingeniería del proyecto, con base en los diagramas de
análisis de operaciones, de bloques, de planta y de recorrido; además del diseño del
organigrama estructural organizacional de las secciones administrativas,
producción y mercadotecnia, con la respectiva asignación de funciones del recurso
humano. El proyecto requiere una inversión total de $261.439,50,
correspondiendo $161.033,18 a la inversión fija (61,59%) y $100.406,31 al capital
de operación (38,41%). La Tasa Interna de Retorno de la Inversión TIR es del
25,70% supera a la tasa de descuento que equivale al 10%, lo cual es positivo para
el proyecto, el Valor Actual Neto VAN suma la cantidad de $322.925,87,
recuperándose la inversión en 4 años 11 meses, plazo menor a la vida útil estimada
en 10 años, mientras que el margen neto de utilidad ascenderá a 17,49% esperando
llegar hasta 34,02% en el tercer año. En conclusión, estos indicadores manifiestan
la factibilidad del proyecto y la conveniencia de la inversión
The objective of this Thesis is implementing a propose biofuel processing plant based on the use of edible oils recycled in the city of Guayaquil, so as to contribute to the reduction environmental impact caused by the consumption of derived fuels oil . To this end, the survey methodology applies to carriers consume diesel in their cars, on the basis of the System Metrovia city of Guayaquil, through the selection of a sample random , with the help of statistical pie charts , bar, line and obtaining descriptive statistical parameters , used to perform the analysis of demand and supply , calculating the unmet demand , then factor analysis is performed to determine the size of the plant, optimal location and project engineering , based on diagrams operations analysis , block floor and stroke , plus design organizational structure chart of the administrative sections , production and marketing, with the corresponding resource assignment human. The project requires a total investment of $ 261,439.50 , $ 161,033.18 corresponding to fixed investment ( 61.59 %) and $ 100,406.31 to capital operation ( 38.41 %). The Internal Rate of Return on Investment is the TIR 25.70% exceeds the discount rate is 10% , which is positive for the project, the net present value NPV sum the amount of $ 322,925.87 , recovering the investment in 4 years 11 months, less than the estimated useful life term in 10 years, while net profit margin amounts to 17.49% waiting reach 34.02% in the third year . In conclusion , these indicators demonstrate project feasibility and desirability of inversiónEl objective of this Thesis is: Conduct a feasibility for a factory that processes metal furniture perfect for people who suffer from back pain and illness in the area sacrum - coccyx and / or anorectal of his body, for the benefit of health, convenience and comfort of the national population . To this end , it applies the survey methodology Ecuadorian families , taking as Guayaquil basis , through the selection of a sampling probabilistic , with the help of statistical pie charts , bar lines and obtaining the parameters of descriptive statistics that used for the analysis of demand and supply , calculated unmet demand , then the factor analysis is performed to determining the size of the plant , the optimum location and Engineering project, based on the analysis diagrams of operations, blocks, plant and stroke , besides the organizational design organizational structure of the administrative sections , production and marketing, with the corresponding resource assignment human. The total investment required for the project is the amount of $ 265,290.69 , corresponding to 39.84 % ( $ 105,697.80 ) to fixed investment and 60.16 % ( $ 159,592.89 ) concerns the operating capital . The Internal Rate Return of the IRR is 40.13 % investment exceeds the rate of discount is 14 % , which is positive for the project, the Net Present Value NPV sum the amount of $ 312,148.76 , recovering investment in three years , less than the estimated useful life within 120 months , while net profit margin amounts to 29.10% . in conclusion, these indicators show the feasibility of the project and convenience of the Ecuadorian inversión.Plásticos SA is a company that is growing at structural level and globally , is among one of the most productive in the country , this means more control in their areas of and administrative work either plant, as the company was I neglected safety in the firing of his boss in charge at that then . It also does not have a department of industrial safety and own industrial hygiene functions and / or activities does so through the finance department who facilitated a space to mount provisional desk. This implied to uncomfortable situations for work . Furthermore, I notice that most of the accidents caused the company are due to lack of staff knowledge of the risks they are exposed. All accidents today are recorded by the Human Resources department but not why carry traces of these, based on these situations has taken the decision to conduct a feasibility study in which the company to implement a safety plan and infrastructure for make improvements in relation to occupational hazards. The field study was did using analysis tools such as methods Grettener and Fine respectively in order to counteract the indices severity caused by unwanted phenomena called accidents and incidents. VíctorEl present work aims to make an assessment of the accidents at work and occupational health, this study will help us aware of the best and fastest possible changing conditions work and bad habits by all staff. In the working conditions of the factory shape is synthesized as work activity determines human life, they should take into account the risk factors to which the worker is subjected and the elements that contribute to a hazardous condition becomes a tragic event. The work environment is the result of the interaction of all those conditions and objects around the place and time in which the worker performs its work. Is determined by all the physical , chemical , biological, technological, social and psychological factors that surround the workplace and running the worker occupation , these aspects are the conditions I work . The quality of the work environment is closely related to the risks which is subjected every worker and workload must assimilate . A good working environment makes the occupation generates a minimum workload and therefore cause less fatigue or tiredness our body which result in lower risks to our lives. Proper planning of the work environment can reduce workload, eliminate many unnecessary risks , and minimize other , thus avoiding accidents and health preserving trabajador.El present work aims to make an assessment of the accidents at work and occupational health, this study will help us aware of the best and fastest possible changing conditions work and bad habits by all staff. In the working conditions of the factory shape is synthesized as work activity determines human life, they should take into account the risk factors to which the worker is subjected and the elements that contribute to a hazardous condition becomes a tragic event. The work environment is the result of the interaction of all those conditions and objects around the place and time in which the worker performs its work. Is determined by all the physical , chemical , biological, technological, social and psychological factors that surround the workplace and running the worker occupation , these aspects are the conditions I work . The quality of the work environment is closely related to the risks which is subjected every worker and workload must assimilate . A good working environment makes the occupation generates a minimum workload and therefore cause less fatigue or tiredness our body which result in lower risks to our lives. Proper planning of the work environment can reduce workload, eliminate many unnecessary risks , and minimize other , thus avoiding accidents and health preserving
The objective of this Thesis is implementing a propose biofuel processing plant based on the use of edible oils recycled in the city of Guayaquil, so as to contribute to the reduction environmental impact caused by the consumption of derived fuels oil . To this end, the survey methodology applies to carriers consume diesel in their cars, on the basis of the System Metrovia city of Guayaquil, through the selection of a sample random , with the help of statistical pie charts , bar, line and obtaining descriptive statistical parameters , used to perform the analysis of demand and supply , calculating the unmet demand , then factor analysis is performed to determine the size of the plant, optimal location and project engineering , based on diagrams operations analysis , block floor and stroke , plus design organizational structure chart of the administrative sections , production and marketing, with the corresponding resource assignment human. The project requires a total investment of $ 261,439.50 , $ 161,033.18 corresponding to fixed investment ( 61.59 %) and $ 100,406.31 to capital operation ( 38.41 %). The Internal Rate of Return on Investment is the TIR 25.70% exceeds the discount rate is 10% , which is positive for the project, the net present value NPV sum the amount of $ 322,925.87 , recovering the investment in 4 years 11 months, less than the estimated useful life term in 10 years, while net profit margin amounts to 17.49% waiting reach 34.02% in the third year . In conclusion , these indicators demonstrate project feasibility and desirability of inversiónEl objective of this Thesis is: Conduct a feasibility for a factory that processes metal furniture perfect for people who suffer from back pain and illness in the area sacrum - coccyx and / or anorectal of his body, for the benefit of health, convenience and comfort of the national population . To this end , it applies the survey methodology Ecuadorian families , taking as Guayaquil basis , through the selection of a sampling probabilistic , with the help of statistical pie charts , bar lines and obtaining the parameters of descriptive statistics that used for the analysis of demand and supply , calculated unmet demand , then the factor analysis is performed to determining the size of the plant , the optimum location and Engineering project, based on the analysis diagrams of operations, blocks, plant and stroke , besides the organizational design organizational structure of the administrative sections , production and marketing, with the corresponding resource assignment human. The total investment required for the project is the amount of $ 265,290.69 , corresponding to 39.84 % ( $ 105,697.80 ) to fixed investment and 60.16 % ( $ 159,592.89 ) concerns the operating capital . The Internal Rate Return of the IRR is 40.13 % investment exceeds the rate of discount is 14 % , which is positive for the project, the Net Present Value NPV sum the amount of $ 312,148.76 , recovering investment in three years , less than the estimated useful life within 120 months , while net profit margin amounts to 29.10% . in conclusion, these indicators show the feasibility of the project and convenience of the Ecuadorian inversión.Plásticos SA is a company that is growing at structural level and globally , is among one of the most productive in the country , this means more control in their areas of and administrative work either plant, as the company was I neglected safety in the firing of his boss in charge at that then . It also does not have a department of industrial safety and own industrial hygiene functions and / or activities does so through the finance department who facilitated a space to mount provisional desk. This implied to uncomfortable situations for work . Furthermore, I notice that most of the accidents caused the company are due to lack of staff knowledge of the risks they are exposed. All accidents today are recorded by the Human Resources department but not why carry traces of these, based on these situations has taken the decision to conduct a feasibility study in which the company to implement a safety plan and infrastructure for make improvements in relation to occupational hazards. The field study was did using analysis tools such as methods Grettener and Fine respectively in order to counteract the indices severity caused by unwanted phenomena called accidents and incidents. VíctorEl present work aims to make an assessment of the accidents at work and occupational health, this study will help us aware of the best and fastest possible changing conditions work and bad habits by all staff. In the working conditions of the factory shape is synthesized as work activity determines human life, they should take into account the risk factors to which the worker is subjected and the elements that contribute to a hazardous condition becomes a tragic event. The work environment is the result of the interaction of all those conditions and objects around the place and time in which the worker performs its work. Is determined by all the physical , chemical , biological, technological, social and psychological factors that surround the workplace and running the worker occupation , these aspects are the conditions I work . The quality of the work environment is closely related to the risks which is subjected every worker and workload must assimilate . A good working environment makes the occupation generates a minimum workload and therefore cause less fatigue or tiredness our body which result in lower risks to our lives. Proper planning of the work environment can reduce workload, eliminate many unnecessary risks , and minimize other , thus avoiding accidents and health preserving trabajador.El present work aims to make an assessment of the accidents at work and occupational health, this study will help us aware of the best and fastest possible changing conditions work and bad habits by all staff. In the working conditions of the factory shape is synthesized as work activity determines human life, they should take into account the risk factors to which the worker is subjected and the elements that contribute to a hazardous condition becomes a tragic event. The work environment is the result of the interaction of all those conditions and objects around the place and time in which the worker performs its work. Is determined by all the physical , chemical , biological, technological, social and psychological factors that surround the workplace and running the worker occupation , these aspects are the conditions I work . The quality of the work environment is closely related to the risks which is subjected every worker and workload must assimilate . A good working environment makes the occupation generates a minimum workload and therefore cause less fatigue or tiredness our body which result in lower risks to our lives. Proper planning of the work environment can reduce workload, eliminate many unnecessary risks , and minimize other , thus avoiding accidents and health preserving
Descripción
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Palabras clave
PROYECTOS, PETRÓLEO, BIODIESEL, COMBUSTIBLE FÓSIL