Perfil clínico y factores asociados a las malformaciones congénitas en pacientes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel en el período de enero a diciembre del 2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
En la actualidad existen más de 4000 tipos de anomalías congénitas que pueden ser de leves o graves de las cuales hay tipos que podemos evitar trabajando en el factor de riesgo que las provocó. El presente estudio se realizó en la Maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel ubicado en la Ciudad de Guayaquil en la provincia del Guayas, el trabajo nace de la importancia de conocer el perfil clínico de las pacientes embarazadas que provoca la aparición de malformaciones congénitas en el recién nacido, así como de identificar los factores teratógenos asociados a la misma, para esto se enmarco en un tipo de investigación descriptiva y bibliográfica, se estudiaron 57 casos con diagnóstico de malformaciones congénitas, las madres de alrededor de 34 a 44 años de edad con un 40.4% que generalmente fueron de en un nivel educativo primario con un 58.1%, la mayoría se encuentra en una zona rural abarcando el 75.4%, el 51.1% no presentó antecedentes patológicos personales y el 39% no poseía antecedentes patológicos familiares, un promedio de 80.7% no consumían sustancias psicotrópicas y las madres poseían menos de 5 controles prenatales, dando como resultado el 57.9% de ellas, la malformación que se presentó con más frecuencia fue la cardiopatía congénita abarcando en 26%, presentándose generalmente en niños de sexo masculino con un 60%. Se llega a la conclusión de que las malformaciones congénitas pueden adquirirse de diferentes formas, ya seas genéticas o ambientales y que con un control adecuando de la gestación se pueden en su mayoría evitar.
Currently there are more than 4000 types of congenital anomalies that can be mild or serious, of which there are types that we can avoid by working on the risk factor that caused them. The present study was carried out in the Matilde Hidalgo Maternity of Procel located in the city of Guayaquil in the province of Guayas, the work is born from the importance of knowing the clinical profile of pregnant patients that causes the appearance of congenital malformations in the newborn , as well as to identify the teratogenic factors associated with it, for this is framed in a type of descriptive and bibliographic research, 57 cases were studied with diagnosis of congenital malformations, mothers around 34 to 44 years of age with a 40.4 % that were generally of at a primary educational level with 58.1%, the majority is in a rural area covering 75.4%, 51.1% had no personal pathological background and 39% had no family pathological background, an average of 80.7 % did not consume psychotropic substances and mothers had less than 5 prenatal controls, resulting in 57.9% of its, the malformation that occurred most frequently was congenital heart disease covering 26%, generally occurring in male children with 60%. It is concluded that congenital malformations can be acquired in different ways, whether genetic or environmental and that with adequate control of pregnancy can be avoided in most cases.
Currently there are more than 4000 types of congenital anomalies that can be mild or serious, of which there are types that we can avoid by working on the risk factor that caused them. The present study was carried out in the Matilde Hidalgo Maternity of Procel located in the city of Guayaquil in the province of Guayas, the work is born from the importance of knowing the clinical profile of pregnant patients that causes the appearance of congenital malformations in the newborn , as well as to identify the teratogenic factors associated with it, for this is framed in a type of descriptive and bibliographic research, 57 cases were studied with diagnosis of congenital malformations, mothers around 34 to 44 years of age with a 40.4 % that were generally of at a primary educational level with 58.1%, the majority is in a rural area covering 75.4%, 51.1% had no personal pathological background and 39% had no family pathological background, an average of 80.7 % did not consume psychotropic substances and mothers had less than 5 prenatal controls, resulting in 57.9% of its, the malformation that occurred most frequently was congenital heart disease covering 26%, generally occurring in male children with 60%. It is concluded that congenital malformations can be acquired in different ways, whether genetic or environmental and that with adequate control of pregnancy can be avoided in most cases.
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Embarazo, Anomalías congénitas, Perfil clínico, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde HIdalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador