Complicaciones en gastrostomía en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón durante el período del 2015 al 2016
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La gastrostomía es una intervención que consiste en una apertura de un
orificio en el abdomen para introducir una sonda de alimentación en el estómago, lo que
permite comunicar al estómago con el exterior. La colocación de una sonda permite
introducir la alimentación directamente en el estómago. El aporte energético, llamado
nutrición enteral que permite al paciente alimentarse de manera equilibrada. La
gastrostomía puede ser efectuada de dos maneras ya sea gastrostomía percutánea y
gastrostomía quirúrgica, en ambos casos el orificio realizado permite comunicar el
estómago con el exterior luego introducir la comida mediante la técnica nutrición enteral.
Objetivos: - Determinar las principales complicaciones de la gastrostomía percutánea
y de la gastrostomía quirúrgica en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades
Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, durante el periodo 2015 al 2016. Métodos: El presente estudio
es de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, analítico, trasversal, cuyo objetivo es el estudio de
las complicaciones de la gastrostomía. Instrumentos: Las técnicas que se utilizó es de
observación directa, mediante la evolución de historias clínicas de cada paciente en
estudio, y como instrumento de trabajo se utilizó un formulario, de datos que fueron
procesados y analizados mediante Microsoft Word, Excel y le programa SPSS.
Resultados: Como resultado contenido se demostró que existe una mayor prevalencia de
casos en edades comprendidas de 25 a 70 en adelante, es el sexo masculino, de áreas
rurales, en su mayoría desarrollaron serias complicaciones asociadas a la gastrostomía.
Conclusión: Se puede concluir que la presencia de factores de riesgo puede desarrollar
complicaciones de las gastrostomía percutánea o quirúrgica.
Palabras claves: Gastrostomía, percutánea, quirúrgica, complicaciones, factores de
riesgo
Introduction: Gastrostomy is an intervention that consists of opening a hole in the abdomen to introduce a feeding tube into the stomach, which allows the stomach to communicate with the outside. The placement of a probe allows the feeding of food directly into the stomach. The energy supply, called enteral nutrition that allows the patient to eat in a balanced way. Gastrostomy can be performed in two ways, either percutaneous gastrostomy or surgical gastrostomy. In both cases, the orifice allows the stomach to communicate with the outside and then introduce the food through the enteral nutrition technique. Objectives: - To determine the main complications of percutaneous gastrostomy and surgical gastrostomy in patients treated at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialty Hospital during the period 2015 to 2016. Methods: The present study is descriptive, retrospective, analytical , Transversal, whose objective is the study of the complications of gastrostomy. Instruments: The techniques used were direct observation, through the evolution of clinical histories of each patient under study, and as a working tool was used a form, data that were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Word, Excel and SPSS program . Results: As a result content was demonstrated that there is a higher prevalence of cases in ages ranging from 25 to 70 onwards, it is male, from rural areas, mostly developed serious complications associated with gastrostomy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the presence of risk factors may develop complications of percutaneous or surgical gastrostomy.
Introduction: Gastrostomy is an intervention that consists of opening a hole in the abdomen to introduce a feeding tube into the stomach, which allows the stomach to communicate with the outside. The placement of a probe allows the feeding of food directly into the stomach. The energy supply, called enteral nutrition that allows the patient to eat in a balanced way. Gastrostomy can be performed in two ways, either percutaneous gastrostomy or surgical gastrostomy. In both cases, the orifice allows the stomach to communicate with the outside and then introduce the food through the enteral nutrition technique. Objectives: - To determine the main complications of percutaneous gastrostomy and surgical gastrostomy in patients treated at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialty Hospital during the period 2015 to 2016. Methods: The present study is descriptive, retrospective, analytical , Transversal, whose objective is the study of the complications of gastrostomy. Instruments: The techniques used were direct observation, through the evolution of clinical histories of each patient under study, and as a working tool was used a form, data that were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Word, Excel and SPSS program . Results: As a result content was demonstrated that there is a higher prevalence of cases in ages ranging from 25 to 70 onwards, it is male, from rural areas, mostly developed serious complications associated with gastrostomy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the presence of risk factors may develop complications of percutaneous or surgical gastrostomy.
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GASTROTOMIA PERCUTANEA, GASTROTOMIA QUIRURGIA, FACTORES DE RIESGO, COMPLICACIONES, NUTRICION ENTERAL, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR