Sepsis neonatal; factores de riesgo y asociados; Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil año 2015
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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OBJETIVO: Establecer los factores de riesgo y complicaciones en neonatos hospitalizados en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil mediante la observación indirecta de casos del 2015.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente trabajo es de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y el método es de observación indirecta y con un análisis descriptivo, analítico y deductivo. La muestra fue de 50 pacientes con diagnóstico de Sepsis neonatal, hospitalizados en el Área de UCIN del Hospital Universitario sujetos a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La sepsis neonatal es una infección invasiva, en general bacteriana, que se produce durante el período neonatal. Los signos son múltiples e incluyen disminución de la actividad espontánea, succión menos enérgica, apnea, bradicardia, inestabilidad térmica, dificultad respiratoria, vómitos, diarrea, distensión abdominal, inquietud, convulsiones e ictericia. Uno de los exámenes más básicos para confirmar la sepsis es el hemocultivo, si el hemocultivo es negativo la condición se considera como sepsis clínica, por lo cual para el diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal se exige realizar una evaluación minuciosa de los signos y síntomas compatibles con sepsis. (Gaitán, Camacho, 2008). La sepsis neonatal se clasifica según el tiempo de aparición. La sepsis de inicio temprano se debe a microorganismos adquiridos intraparto. La mayoría de los recién nacidos presentan síntomas dentro de las 6 horas del parto. La sepsis de inicio tardío se contagia del ambiente, generalmente Infección neonatal hospitalaria. Los estafilococos son responsables de alrededor del 30 al 60% de los casos de inicio tardío, que se deben la mayoría de las veces a dispositivos intravasculares.
CONCLUSIONES: Se determinó que el sexo masculino es el principal afectado con predominio de la sepsis tardía y que los factores de riesgo materno y neonatal conllevan a más complicaciones
OBJECTIVE: To establish risk factors and complications in hospitalized neonates at the University Hospital of Guayaquil through indirect observation of cases from 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present work is a quantitative approach, non - experimental design, cross - sectional and the method is indirect observation and with a descriptive, analytical and deductive analysis. The sample consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with neonatal sepsis, hospitalized in the NICU area of the University Hospital, subject to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Neonatal sepsis is an invasive, usually bacterial, infection that occurs during the neonatal period. Signs are multiple and include decreased spontaneous activity, less energetic suction, apnea, bradycardia, thermal instability, respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, restlessness, convulsions, and jaundice. One of the most basic tests to confirm sepsis is the blood culture, if the blood culture is negative the condition is considered as clinical sepsis, which is why a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis requires a thorough evaluation of the signs and symptoms compatible with sepsis. (Gaitan, Camacho, 2008). Neonatal sepsis is classified according to the time of onset. Early-onset sepsis is due to intrapartum acquired microorganisms. Most newborns have symptoms within 6 hours of delivery. Late onset sepsis is contagious from the environment, usually neonatal hospital infection. Staphylococci are responsible for about 30 to 60% of late-onset cases, which are most often due to intravascular devices. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the male gender is the main affected with the predominance of late sepsis and that maternal and neonatal risk factors lead to more complications
OBJECTIVE: To establish risk factors and complications in hospitalized neonates at the University Hospital of Guayaquil through indirect observation of cases from 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present work is a quantitative approach, non - experimental design, cross - sectional and the method is indirect observation and with a descriptive, analytical and deductive analysis. The sample consisted of 50 patients diagnosed with neonatal sepsis, hospitalized in the NICU area of the University Hospital, subject to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Neonatal sepsis is an invasive, usually bacterial, infection that occurs during the neonatal period. Signs are multiple and include decreased spontaneous activity, less energetic suction, apnea, bradycardia, thermal instability, respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, restlessness, convulsions, and jaundice. One of the most basic tests to confirm sepsis is the blood culture, if the blood culture is negative the condition is considered as clinical sepsis, which is why a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis requires a thorough evaluation of the signs and symptoms compatible with sepsis. (Gaitan, Camacho, 2008). Neonatal sepsis is classified according to the time of onset. Early-onset sepsis is due to intrapartum acquired microorganisms. Most newborns have symptoms within 6 hours of delivery. Late onset sepsis is contagious from the environment, usually neonatal hospital infection. Staphylococci are responsible for about 30 to 60% of late-onset cases, which are most often due to intravascular devices. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the male gender is the main affected with the predominance of late sepsis and that maternal and neonatal risk factors lead to more complications
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SEPSIS NEONATAL, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DESCRIPTIVA, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA ANALÍTICA, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTÓN GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR