Perfil epidemiológico y clínico la de insuficiencia cardiaca por valvulopatía aórtica en el Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón en el período 2015 - 2016
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La insuficiencia cardiaca es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel
mundial, siendo ocasionada por múltiples patologías, como la valvulopatía aortica. La
incompetencia de la válvula aortica, sea esta por estrechamiento del área valvular (estenosis) o
dilatación de área valvular (insuficiencia), tiene un fuerte impacto sobre el estilo de vida de
las personas que la padecen, ya sea por sí sola, o agravada por múltiples factores como
hipertensión arterial, sedentarismo, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, tabaquismo entre otros que
condicionan a que ocurra una falla cardiaca que repercute el correcto funcionamiento de
órganos diana y que se evidencia por complicaciones que van desde sobrecarga de ventrículo,
hipertensión pulmonar, fibrilación auricular, tromboembolismo pulmonar, infarto agudo de
miocardio, edema agudo de pulmón y muerte súbita.
Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional indirecto, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo. Se recolecto la información a partir de los expedientes clínicos en el
departamento de estadística del Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón,
se elaboró una matriz de datos, para su tabulación y posterior se usó el programa SSPS versión
21 para su análisis.
Resultados: La prevalencia de esta enfermedad fue del 0,44%, de los 16963 pacientes tratados por diferentes patologías en el HAGP. De este número de pacientes específicamente
219 pacientes presentaron insuficiencia cardíaca en este período, 2015-2016, de los cuales los
diagnosticados con enfermedad valvular aórtica constituyeron el 34,2%. La población del
estudio consistió en 75 pacientes, de los cuales 41 (54,7%) eran mujeres y 34 (45,3%) eran
varones. El factor de riesgo asociado más frecuente, el tabaquismo. El comportamiento según
VII
la edad de IC por valvulopatía aórtica fue más frecuente en pacientes de edad avanzada. El
100% de estos pacientes presentaron disnea como principal síntoma.
Conclusiones: La enfermedad valvular es una importante causa de insuficiencia cardiaca, por lo tanto merece atención, con el fin de conocer su manejo y actuar oportunamente.
Palabras claves: Valvulopatía aortica, insuficiencia cardiaca.
Input: Heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being caused by multiple pathologies, such as aortic valvulopathy. The incompetence of the aortic valve, whether by narrowing of the valve area (stenosis) or valve area dilatation (insufficiency), has a strong impact on the lifestyle of the people who suffer from it, either alone or aggravated due to multiple factors such as hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, among others, that lead to a heart failure that affects the correct functioning of target organs and is evidenced by complications ranging from ventricular overload, pulmonary hypertension, Atrial fibrillation, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary edema, and sudden death. Materials and Methods: It is an indirect, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive observational study. Data were collected from the clinical records in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital statistics of the city of Guayaquil, a data matrix was prepared for tabulation and later the SSPS version 21 program was used for analysis. Results: The prevalence of this disease was 0.44%, of the 16963 patients treated in the HAGP. Specifically of the 219 patients with heart failure in this period, 2015-2016, those diagnosed with aortic valve disease constituted 34.2%. The study population consisted of 75 patients, of whom 41 (54.7%) were female and 34 (45.3%) were male. The most frequent associated risk factor, smoking. The behavior according to the age of HF by aortic valvulopathy, was more frequent in elderly patients. 100% of these patients presented dyspnea as the main symptom. Conclusions: Valvular disease is an important cause of heart failure, so it deserves attention, in order to know its management and act in a timely manner.
Input: Heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being caused by multiple pathologies, such as aortic valvulopathy. The incompetence of the aortic valve, whether by narrowing of the valve area (stenosis) or valve area dilatation (insufficiency), has a strong impact on the lifestyle of the people who suffer from it, either alone or aggravated due to multiple factors such as hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, among others, that lead to a heart failure that affects the correct functioning of target organs and is evidenced by complications ranging from ventricular overload, pulmonary hypertension, Atrial fibrillation, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary edema, and sudden death. Materials and Methods: It is an indirect, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive observational study. Data were collected from the clinical records in the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital statistics of the city of Guayaquil, a data matrix was prepared for tabulation and later the SSPS version 21 program was used for analysis. Results: The prevalence of this disease was 0.44%, of the 16963 patients treated in the HAGP. Specifically of the 219 patients with heart failure in this period, 2015-2016, those diagnosed with aortic valve disease constituted 34.2%. The study population consisted of 75 patients, of whom 41 (54.7%) were female and 34 (45.3%) were male. The most frequent associated risk factor, smoking. The behavior according to the age of HF by aortic valvulopathy, was more frequent in elderly patients. 100% of these patients presented dyspnea as the main symptom. Conclusions: Valvular disease is an important cause of heart failure, so it deserves attention, in order to know its management and act in a timely manner.
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Insuficiencia cardiaca, Valvulopatía aórtica, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Perfil de salud