Pancreatitis en pacientes del Hospital Tedoro Maldonado Carbo entre el año 2014 al 2015
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una enfermedad frecuente.
Básicamente consiste en la inflamación aguda del páncreas. La PA puede
desencadenarse por una gran variedad de etiologías. Tras el insulto etiológico
inicial, se produce una activación de las enzimas pancreáticas en la propia
glándula, desencadenando un proceso de autodigestión del páncreas que se
acompaña de inflamación. En algunos casos se pueden producir complicaciones
locales, como colecciones agudas, necrosis pancreática y/o complicaciones a
distancia: una respuesta inflamatoria sistemica que puede descontrolarse,
desembocando en fallo orgánico. La Pancreatitis Crónica se define como una
enfermedad inflamatoria del páncreas caracterizada por cambios morfológicos
irreversibles que provocan típicamente dolor y/o pérdida permanente de la función
exocrina y endocrina. No obstante, existe un gran acuerdo entre los especialistas
de que la PC es una enfermedad infradiagnosticada.
Materiales y métodos: Se estableció un estudio retrospectivo,
observacional y descriptivo durante enero a diciembre del año 2014 al 2015, el
universo escogido fueron pacientes atendidos en las áreas de emergencias,
XVII
cuidados críticos y hospitalización del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo y la
muestra fueron 138 pacientes que presentaron Pancreatitis Aguda y Crónica en el
período de tiempo de estudio establecido.
Se determinó los principales factores de riesgo relacionados al desarrollo y
presentación de pancreatitis, se identificó las complicaciones más frecuentes que
se presentaron durante el año 2014 – 2015.
Resultados: De los 138 casos de pacientes con Diagnostico de Pancreatitis
el 91,3% presentó Pancreatitis Aguda, el 8,7% eran pacientes con pancreatitis
crónica, eran pacientes masculinos entre 35 y 50 años con hábitos enolicos. Se
analizaron 126 casos de pacientes con Pancreatitis Aguda ingresados por el área
de emergencia del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, se observó de la edad
media de estos pacientes fue de 38,9 años, dentro de estos pacientes el 65,9 fueron
pacientes masculinos y el 34,1 % fueron pacientes femeninas. Dentro de la
clasificación clínica mediante escalas y criterios se observó mayor incidencia de
casos de Pancreatitis Leve edematosa que equivale al 59,5% de nuestra muestra;
el 27% de los casos con pancreatitis moderada y solo el 13,5% realizó pancreatitis
severa.
Palabras Clave: Pancreatitis Aguda, Pancreatitis Crónica, Complicaciones
Locales, Complicaciones Sistémicas, Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria
Sistémica.
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (PA) is a common disease. Basically it consists of acute inflammation of the pancreas. BP can be triggered by a wide variety of etiologies. After the initial etiological insult, there is an activation of the pancreatic enzymes in the gland itself, triggering a process of autodigestion of the pancreas that is accompanied by inflammation. In some cases local complications can occur, such as acute collections, pancreatic necrosis and / or distant complications: a systemic inflammatory response that can be uncontrolled, leading to organ failure. Chronic Pancreatitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible morphological changes that typically result in pain and / or permanent loss of exocrine and endocrine function. There is, however, great agreement among specialists that PC is an underdiagnosed disease. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was established during January to December of 2016, the chosen universe were patients attended in the emergency, critical care and hospitalization areas of XIX the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo and the sample were 138 patients who presented Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis within the established study time period. The main risk factors related to the development and presentation of pancreatitis were identified, the most frequent complications that occurred during the year 2016 were identified Results: Of the 138 cases of patients with Pancreatitis Diagnosis, 91.3% presented acute pancreatitis, 8.7% were patients with chronic pancreatitis, were male patients between 35 and 50 years old with enolic habits. We analyzed 126 cases of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted by the emergency area of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital. The mean age of these patients was 38.9 years. In these patients, 65.9 were male patients and the 34.1% were female patients. Within the clinical classification by means of scales and criteria we observed a higher incidence of cases of mild edematous pancreatitis, equivalent to 59.5% of our sample; 27% of cases with moderate pancreatitis and only 13.5% had severe pancreatitis.
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (PA) is a common disease. Basically it consists of acute inflammation of the pancreas. BP can be triggered by a wide variety of etiologies. After the initial etiological insult, there is an activation of the pancreatic enzymes in the gland itself, triggering a process of autodigestion of the pancreas that is accompanied by inflammation. In some cases local complications can occur, such as acute collections, pancreatic necrosis and / or distant complications: a systemic inflammatory response that can be uncontrolled, leading to organ failure. Chronic Pancreatitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible morphological changes that typically result in pain and / or permanent loss of exocrine and endocrine function. There is, however, great agreement among specialists that PC is an underdiagnosed disease. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was established during January to December of 2016, the chosen universe were patients attended in the emergency, critical care and hospitalization areas of XIX the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo and the sample were 138 patients who presented Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis within the established study time period. The main risk factors related to the development and presentation of pancreatitis were identified, the most frequent complications that occurred during the year 2016 were identified Results: Of the 138 cases of patients with Pancreatitis Diagnosis, 91.3% presented acute pancreatitis, 8.7% were patients with chronic pancreatitis, were male patients between 35 and 50 years old with enolic habits. We analyzed 126 cases of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted by the emergency area of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital. The mean age of these patients was 38.9 years. In these patients, 65.9 were male patients and the 34.1% were female patients. Within the clinical classification by means of scales and criteria we observed a higher incidence of cases of mild edematous pancreatitis, equivalent to 59.5% of our sample; 27% of cases with moderate pancreatitis and only 13.5% had severe pancreatitis.
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Pancreatitis, Factores de riesgo, Complicaciones, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador